Virginia Commonwealth University, Robertson School of Media and Culture, Richmond, VA.
University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI.
Am J Infect Control. 2021 Feb;49(2):137-142. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.11.018. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
This study assessed psychosocial predictors of U.S. adults' willingness to get a future COVID-19 vaccine and whether these predictors differ under an emergency use authorization (EUA) release of the vaccine.
A survey of 788 U.S. adults was conducted to explore the relationships between demographics and psychosocial predictors of intent to get a future COVID-19 vaccine as well as willingness to get such a vaccine under EUA.
Significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake intentions were education, having insurance, scoring high on subjective norms, a positive attitude toward the vaccine, as well as high perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, high perceived benefits of the vaccine, scoring low on barriers to the vaccine, and scoring high on self-efficacy. Predictors of willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine under EUA were age, race/ethnicity, positive subjective norms, high perceived behavioral control, positive attitudes toward the vaccine, as well as high perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, high perceived benefits of the vaccine, low barriers to the vaccine, and scoring high on self-efficacy for getting the vaccine. Concerns about rushed vaccine development appear to reduce vaccine uptake intent, as well as willingness to get the vaccine under EUA.
COVID-19 vaccine-related messages should both address concerns about the vaccine and its development and reinforce benefits of the vaccine (both factors significant in both models). Vaccine efforts may need to go beyond just communications campaigns correcting misinformation about a COVID-19 vaccine to also focus on re-establishing public trust in government agencies.
本研究评估了美国成年人对未来 COVID-19 疫苗的接种意愿的社会心理预测因素，以及在疫苗紧急使用授权（EUA）发布下这些预测因素是否存在差异。
对 788 名美国成年人进行了一项调查，以探讨意向接种未来 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿与在 EUA 下接种此类疫苗的意愿之间的人口统计学和社会心理预测因素之间的关系。
COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿的显著预测因素包括教育程度、有保险、主观规范得分高、对疫苗持积极态度、对 COVID-19 的高易感性、对疫苗的高预期收益、对疫苗的低障碍评分和高自我效能感。在 EUA 下愿意接种 COVID-19 疫苗的预测因素包括年龄、种族/族裔、积极的主观规范、高感知行为控制、对疫苗的积极态度、对 COVID-19 的高易感性、对疫苗的高预期收益、对疫苗的低障碍评分和高自我效能感。对疫苗仓促开发的担忧似乎降低了疫苗接种意愿，以及在 EUA 下接种疫苗的意愿。
与 COVID-19 疫苗相关的信息应该既解决疫苗及其开发的担忧，又强调疫苗的益处（这两个因素在两个模型中都很重要）。疫苗工作可能不仅需要通过纠正有关 COVID-19 疫苗的错误信息来开展宣传活动，还需要重新建立公众对政府机构的信任。
