Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
DNA Cell Biol. 2023 Aug;42(8):456-480. doi: 10.1089/dna.2023.0016. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
This study was designed to investigate the role of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in ferroptosis, macrophage polarization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagy of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Si-AQP1-mediated AQP1 silencing RAW264.7 cells was constructed. Si-P53-mediated P53 silencing or pcDNA-P53 overexpression RAW264.7 cells was constructed. Assays of ATP, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) staining were performed to evaluate mitochondrial biological function. Assays of flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining, western blot (WB), RT-qPCR, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) were performed to detect cell ferroptosis, macrophage polarization, and impaired autophagy. The involvement of the P53 pathway was revealed by WB. The results showed that LPS (30 μg/mL) could induce ferroptosis, M1 polarization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy damage in RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, the expression of AQP1 was increased and the expression of P53 was decreased. In addition, Pifithrin-α (PIF; 15 μM), a P53 inhibitor, significantly aggravated ferroptosis, M1 polarization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy damage as well as up-regulation of AQP1 protein expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, this phenomenon was markedly alleviated by Kevetrin hydrochloride (70 μM), a P53 agonist. Mechanistically, silencing AQP1 significantly alleviated ferroptosis, M1 polarization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy damage by up-regulating the expression of P53 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Indeed, inhibition of P53 expression by PIF treatment dramatically reversed this effect on the basis of LPS+si-AQP1. Therefore, we concluded for the first time that AQP1 can promote ferroptosis, M1 polarization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy impairment by inhibiting the expression of P53 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and AQP1 or P53 may be considered as a crucial determiner that can regulate the biological behavior of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS.
本研究旨在探讨水通道蛋白 1(AQP1)在脂多糖(LPS)刺激的 RAW264.7 细胞中铁死亡、巨噬细胞极化、线粒体功能障碍和自噬受损中的作用,并探讨其潜在机制。构建了 Si-AQP1 介导的 AQP1 沉默 RAW264.7 细胞,构建了 Si-P53 介导的 P53 沉默或 pcDNA-P53 过表达 RAW264.7 细胞。通过 ATP 测定、逆转录定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)和线粒体膜电位(JC-1)染色评估线粒体生物学功能。通过流式细胞术、活性氧(ROS)染色、Western blot(WB)、RT-qPCR、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)检测评估细胞铁死亡、巨噬细胞极化和自噬受损。通过 WB 揭示了 P53 途径的参与。结果表明,LPS(30μg/mL)可诱导 RAW264.7 细胞发生铁死亡、M1 极化、线粒体功能障碍和自噬损伤,同时 AQP1 表达增加,P53 表达减少。此外,P53 抑制剂 Pifithrin-α(PIF;15μM)显著加重 LPS 诱导的 RAW264.7 细胞铁死亡、M1 极化、线粒体功能障碍和自噬损伤以及 AQP1 蛋白表达上调。有趣的是,P53 激动剂 Kevetrin 盐酸盐(70μM)显著减轻了这一现象。机制上,沉默 AQP1 通过上调 LPS 刺激的 RAW264.7 细胞中 P53 的表达,显著减轻铁死亡、M1 极化、线粒体功能障碍和自噬损伤。事实上,用 PIF 处理抑制 P53 表达,在 LPS+si-AQP1 的基础上,显著逆转了这一效应。因此,我们首次得出结论,AQP1 通过抑制 LPS 刺激的 RAW264.7 细胞中 P53 的表达,促进铁死亡、M1 极化、线粒体功能障碍和自噬损伤,AQP1 或 P53 可能被视为调节 LPS 刺激的 RAW264.7 细胞生物学行为的关键决定因素。
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