Yang Chang-Gui, Yang Ye, Guo Lan-Ping, Zhang Xiao-Bo, Pei Gao-Sheng, Zhang Hong-Xia, Zhu Gui-Hong, Wu Xiao-Feng, Zhou Tao
Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, China.
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650031, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 Jun;48(12):3281-3286. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230214.102.
Pseudostellaria heterophylla in large-scale cultivation needs to apply pesticides to control diseases, and non-standard use of pesticide may cause excessive pesticide residues in medicinal materials, increasing the risk of clinical medication. To accurately monitor the residual pesticides, this paper investigated the drug use during the process of P. heterophylla disease prevention in 25 P. he-terophylla planting enterprises or individual households in Guizhou province. It was found that there were 8 common diseases in P. he-terophylla planting, including leaf spot, downy mildew, virus disease, root rot, dropping disease, purple feather disease, white silk disease, and damping-off disease. Twenty-three kinds of pesticides were used in disease control, mainly chemical synthetic pesticides, accounting for 78.3%, followed by biological pesticides and mineral pesticides, accounting for 13.0% and 8.7%, respectively. The disease prevention and control drugs were all low-toxic pesticides, and there were no varieties banned in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). However, the pesticides used have not been registered on P. heterophylla, and the excessive use of drugs was serious. The present monitoring of pesticide residues in P. heterophylla is mainly based on traditional pesticides such as organochlorine, organophosphorus, and carbamate, which does not effectively cover the production of drugs and had certain safety risks. It is suggested to speed up the research and registration of drug use in the production of P. heterophylla, increase the use of biological pesticides, and further improve the monitoring indicators of pesticide residues in combination with the actual production of drugs, so as to promote the high-quality development of P. heterophylla industry.
大面积种植太子参需要施用农药来防治病害，而农药的不规范使用可能导致药材中农药残留超标，增加临床用药风险。为准确监测农药残留，本文对贵州省25家太子参种植企业或种植户在太子参防病过程中的用药情况进行了调查。结果发现，太子参种植中常见病害有8种，包括叶斑病、霜霉病、病毒病、根腐病、猝倒病、紫羽病、白绢病和立枯病。防治病害共使用了23种农药，主要为化学合成农药，占78.3%，其次是生物农药和矿物农药，分别占13.0%和8.7%。所使用的防病药物均为低毒农药，无《中国药典》（2020年版）中禁用品种。但所使用的农药未在太子参上登记，且用药过量情况严重。目前太子参农药残留监测主要针对有机氯、有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类等传统农药，无法有效覆盖药材生产，存在一定安全风险。建议加快太子参生产用药的研究与登记，增加生物农药使用，并结合药材实际生产进一步完善农药残留监测指标，以推动太子参产业高质量发展。
