Department of Family Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, PMB 3452, Zaria Road, Kano State, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2023 Jun 29;40(6):581-589.
Typical ageing changes and the associated health concerns frequently manifest themselves as reduction in their efficiency and functional capacity.
To identify the socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of the functional capacity of elderly patients.
A cross-sectional study involving 329 patients aged ≥ 60 years who presented to the General Outpatient Clinic. Data on socioeconomic, lifestyle, and functional capacity were collected. The functional capacity was assessed by the self-reported questionnaires: the Lawton and Katz indexes for the activity of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) respectively. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine associations between the variables. The level of significance was set at a p-value ≤ 0.05.
A total of 312 respondents completed the study, with 59.6% females and a mean age of 67.67 ± 7.69 years. The majority of the respondents (76.3%) belong to the low socioeconomic status (classes V and VI). The prevalence of functional dependence was 21.5% and 44.2% for ADL and IADL respectively. The disability in continence and food preparation had the highest prevalence among the components of ADL and IADL respectively. Advancing age, Hausa/Fulani tribe, polygamy, poor social support, and chronic pain were the determinants of functional dependence in ADL while age, female gender, marital status, and Fulani tribe were the determinants of functional dependence in IADL among the respondents.
CONCLUSION: The identified determinants of functional capacity among the older persons should be considered when assessing their functional capacity in the primary care or similar settings.
典型的衰老变化以及随之而来的健康问题常常表现为效率和功能能力的降低。
确定影响老年患者功能能力的社会经济和生活方式因素。
本横断面研究纳入了 329 名年龄≥60 岁的患者，他们均就诊于综合门诊。收集了社会经济、生活方式和功能能力的数据。通过自我报告问卷评估功能能力：Lawton 和 Katz 指数分别评估日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）的能力。使用卡方检验和逻辑回归分析来确定变量之间的关联。显著性水平设定为 p 值≤0.05。
共有 312 名受访者完成了研究，其中 59.6%为女性，平均年龄为 67.67±7.69 岁。大多数受访者（76.3%）属于低社会经济地位（V 类和 VI 类）。ADL 和 IADL 的功能依赖发生率分别为 21.5%和 44.2%。ADL 和 IADL 中，尿失禁和准备食物的能力障碍发生率最高。在 ADL 中，年龄较大、豪萨/富拉尼部落、一夫多妻制、社会支持差和慢性疼痛是功能依赖的决定因素，而在 IADL 中，年龄较大、女性、婚姻状况和富拉尼部落是功能依赖的决定因素。
结论：在初级保健或类似环境中评估老年人的功能能力时，应考虑到这些确定因素。
