Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery (Urology), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery (Urology), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Urol Clin North Am. 2023 Aug;50(3):403-414. doi: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.04.004. Epub 2023 May 19.
Exstrophy-epispadias complex encompasses a spectrum of disorders with lower abdominal midline malformations, including epispadias, bladder exstrophy, and cloacal exstrophy, also known as Omphalocele-Exstrophy-Imperforate Anus-Spinal Anomalies Complex. In this review, the authors discuss the epidemiology, embryologic cause, prenatal findings, phenotypic characteristics, and management strategies of these 3 conditions. The primary focus is to summarize outcomes pertaining to each condition.
尿道上裂-膀胱外翻-会阴联合缺陷（简称：EEC 复合畸形）涵盖了一系列以中下腹正中线畸形为特征的疾病，包括尿道上裂、膀胱外翻和直肠会阴裂，也被称为先天性脐膨出-膀胱外翻-肛门闭锁-脊柱畸形（简称：CAES）复合畸形。在这篇综述中，作者讨论了这 3 种疾病的流行病学、胚胎病因、产前发现、表型特征和管理策略。主要重点是总结每种疾病的相关结果。
