Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
Pediatr Rev. 2023 Jul 1;44(7):349-362. doi: 10.1542/pir.2021-005119.
Electrolyte disorders are very common in the pediatric population. Derangements in serum sodium and potassium concentrations are among the most frequently seen given the risk factors and comorbidities unique to children. Pediatricians, in both outpatient and inpatient settings, should be comfortable with the evaluation and initial treatment of disturbances in these electrolyte concentrations. However, to evaluate and treat a child with abnormal serum concentrations of sodium or potassium, it is critical to understand the regulatory physiology that governs osmotic homeostasis and potassium regulation in the body. Comprehension of these basic physiologic processes will allow the provider to uncover the underlying pathology of these electrolyte disturbances and devise an appropriate and safe treatment plan.
电解质紊乱在儿科人群中非常常见。鉴于儿童特有的危险因素和合并症,血清钠和钾浓度的紊乱是最常见的紊乱之一。儿科医生无论是在门诊还是住院环境中,都应该熟悉这些电解质浓度紊乱的评估和初始治疗。然而,要评估和治疗血清钠或钾浓度异常的儿童,了解调节渗透压和体内钾调节的生理机制至关重要。理解这些基本生理过程将使提供者能够发现这些电解质紊乱的潜在病理,并制定出适当和安全的治疗计划。