Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
Division of Mental Health, Milwaukee VA Medical Center, United States of America; Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States of America.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Oct 1;338:589-598. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.067. Epub 2023 Jun 29.
Despite a growing literature characterizing risk factors associated with the development and maintenance of borderline personality disorder (BPD), substantially less is known about potentially protective factors in BPD.
In a sample of online (N = 272) participants with likely BPD, major depressive disorder (MDD), or no disorder (ND) and an independent sample of in-person (N = 90) participants diagnosed with BPD, MDD, or ND, we tested the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among BPD features and three putatively protective personality, cognitive, and affective-behavioral factors: conscientiousness, self-compassion, and distress tolerance.
Only conscientiousness was significantly lower in BPD than MDD (ds: .67-.73) across both studies and more strongly related to BPD features (rs: -.68 to -.59) than MDD symptoms (rs: -.49 to -.43) in dimensional analyses across both studies. However, in a multiple regression analysis including all three factors in Study 1, only self-compassion predicted decreases in BPD features (β = -.28) and MDD symptoms (β = -.21) over one month.
Study 1 participants completed all measures online and exhibited some differential attrition at one month follow-up. Study 2 participants were all diagnosed by one trained assessor and the smaller sample size limited our power to detect effects.
Low conscientiousness may be most strongly related to BPD, whereas self-compassion may be a prospective transdiagnostic protective factor.
尽管有越来越多的文献描述了与边缘型人格障碍（BPD）的发展和维持相关的风险因素，但对于 BPD 中潜在的保护因素知之甚少。
在一个有边缘型人格障碍（BPD）、重性抑郁障碍（MDD）或无障碍（ND）的在线（N=272）和一个有 BPD、MDD 或 ND 的面对面（N=90）样本中，我们测试了 BPD 特征与三个假定的保护人格、认知和情感行为因素之间的横断面和纵向关联：尽责性、自我同情和痛苦耐受力。
只有尽责性在两个研究中都显著低于 MDD（ds：.67-.73），并且在两个研究的维度分析中与 BPD 特征（rs：-.68 至-.59）的相关性强于 MDD 症状（rs：-.49 至-.43）。然而，在包括所有三个因素的 Study 1 中的多元回归分析中，只有自我同情预测了 BPD 特征（β=-.28）和 MDD 症状（β=-.21）在一个月内的下降。
Study 1 的参与者全部在线完成所有测量，并且在一个月的随访中有一些不同的失访。Study 2 的参与者全部由一名受过训练的评估者诊断，较小的样本量限制了我们检测效应的能力。
低尽责性可能与 BPD 最相关，而自我同情可能是一个有前途的跨诊断保护因素。
