State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2023 Sep;186:107868. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107868. Epub 2023 Jun 30.
Rapid diversification of a group is often associated with exploiting an ecological opportunity and/or the evolution of a key innovation. However, how the interplay of such abiotic and biotic factors correlates with organismal diversification has been rarely documented in empirical studies, especially for organisms inhabiting drylands. Fumarioideae is the largest subfamily in Papaveraceae and is mainly distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we used one nuclear (ITS) and six plastid (rbcL, atpB, matK, rps16, trnL-F, and trnG) DNA sequences to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of diversification and potential related factors of this subfamily. We first present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Fumarioideae to date. The results of our integrated molecular dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that the most recent common ancestor of Fumarioideae started to diversify in Asia during the Upper Cretaceous, and then dispersed multiple times out of Asia in the Cenozoic. In particular, we discover two independent dispersal events from Eurasia to East Africa in the late Miocene, suggesting that the Arabian Peninsula might be an important exchange corridor between Eurasia and East Africa in the late Miocene. Within the Fumarioideae, increased speciation rates were detected in two groups, Corydalis and Fumariinae. Corydalis first experienced a burst of diversification in its crown group at ∼ 42 Ma, and further accelerated diversification from the mid-Miocene onwards. During these two periods, Corydalis had evolved diverse life history types, which could have facilitated the colonization of diverse habitats originating from extensive orogenesis in the Northern Hemisphere as well as Asian interior desertification. Fumariinae underwent a burst of diversification at ∼ 15 Ma, which temporally coincides with the increasing aridification in central Eurasia, but is markedly posterior to the shifts in habitat (from moist to arid) and in life history (from perennial to annual) and to range expansion from Asia to Europe, suggesting that Fumariinae species may have been pre-adapted to invade European arid habitats by the acquisition of annual life history. Our study provides an empirical case that documents the importance of pre-adaptation on organismal diversification in drylands and highlights the significant roles of the synergy of abiotic and biotic factors in promoting plant diversification.
一个类群的快速多样化通常与利用生态机会和/或关键创新的进化有关。然而，这种非生物和生物因素的相互作用如何与生物多样性相关，在实证研究中很少有记载，特别是对于栖息在干旱地区的生物。罂粟科的绿绒蒿亚科是最大的亚科，主要分布在北半球的温带地区。在这里，我们使用一个核（ITS）和六个质体（rbcL、atpB、matK、rps16、trnL-F 和 trnG）DNA 序列来研究这个亚科的时空多样化模式和潜在的相关因素。我们首先展示了迄今为止对绿绒蒿亚科最全面的系统发育分析。我们综合分子定年和生物地理分析的结果表明，绿绒蒿亚科的最近共同祖先在白垩纪晚期开始在亚洲多样化，然后在新生代多次从亚洲扩散出去。特别是，我们发现中新世晚期有两次从欧亚大陆到东非的独立扩散事件，这表明阿拉伯半岛可能是中新世晚期欧亚大陆和东非之间的一个重要交流走廊。在绿绒蒿亚科中，检测到两个组，紫堇属和绿绒蒿族的物种形成率增加。紫堇属在其冠群中于约 4200 万年前经历了一次多样化爆发，从中新世中期开始进一步加速了多样化。在这两个时期，紫堇属进化出了多种不同的生活史类型，这可能有助于在北半球广泛的造山运动和亚洲内陆荒漠化起源的多样化栖息地的殖民化。绿绒蒿族在约 1500 万年前经历了一次多样化爆发，这与中欧亚大陆日益干旱的时间一致，但明显滞后于生境（从湿润到干旱）和生活史（从多年生到一年生）的转变以及从亚洲到欧洲的范围扩张，这表明绿绒蒿族物种可能通过获得一年生生活史而预先适应了入侵欧洲干旱生境。我们的研究提供了一个实证案例，证明了预适应在干旱地区生物多样性中的重要性，并强调了非生物和生物因素协同作用在促进植物多样化方面的重要作用。
