Zhang Yi, Li Yanqi, Xie Xinyi, Lin Xiaoyi, Huang Mengxin, Fu Huihang, Zhou Weiju, Ji John S, Yu Yizhen, Tang Jie
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, 511346, Guangzhou, China.
Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Oct 1;234:116529. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116529. Epub 2023 Jun 30.
Association of greenness surrounding school with aggression among adolescents was not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the associations of greenness surrounding school with adolescents' total and sub-types of aggression and explore potential mediators underlying these associations. A multi-site study of 15,301 adolescents aged 11-20 years were recruited through a multistage, random cluster sampling across 5 representative provinces in mainland China. Satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values within circular buffers of 100 m, 500 m, and 1000 m surrounding school were used to indicate the adolescents' greenness exposure. We used the Chinese version of Buss and Warren's Aggression Questionnaire to assess total and sub-types of aggression. Daily concentrations of PM and NO were obtained from the China High Air Pollutants datasets. Per IQR increment of NDVI 100 m and 500 m surrounding school was associated with lower odds of total aggression; odds ratio [OR] with 95% CI was 0.958 (0.926-0.990) for the 100 m buffer and 0.963 (0.932-0.996) for the 500 m buffer, respectively. Similar associations can be observed in two sub-types of aggression, including verbal (NDVI 100 m: 0.960 (0.925-0.995); NDVI500m: 0.964 (0.930-0.999)) and indirect aggression (NDVI 100 m: 0.956 (0.924-0.990); NDVI500m: 0.953 (0.921-0.986)). There were no sex and age differences in the associations of school surrounding greenness with aggression, except that the beneficial associations of greenness exposure with total aggression (0.933(0.895-0.975) vs.1.005(0.956-1.056)), physical aggression (0.971(0.925-1.019) vs.1.098(1.043-1.156)), and hostility (0.942(0.901-0.986) vs.1.016(0.965-1.069)) were greater among participants aged ≥16 years than those aged<16 years. PM (proportion mediated estimates: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.94) and NO (-0.78, 95% CI: -3.22, -0.37) mediated the association of NDVI 500 m surrounding school with total aggression. Our data indicated that exposure to greenness in school surroundings was associated with reduced aggression, particularly in verbal and indirect aggression. The presence of PM and NO partially mediated these associations.
学校周边绿化与青少年攻击行为之间的关联尚未得到充分理解。本研究旨在调查学校周边绿化与青少年攻击行为总量及各亚型之间的关联，并探索这些关联背后的潜在中介因素。通过在中国大陆5个代表性省份进行多阶段随机整群抽样，招募了15301名年龄在11至20岁之间的青少年进行多地点研究。利用学校周边100米、500米和1000米圆形缓冲区范围内卫星衍生的归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）值来表明青少年的绿化暴露情况。我们使用中文版的布斯和沃伦攻击问卷来评估攻击行为总量及各亚型。每日的PM和NO浓度数据来自中国高空气污染物数据集。学校周边100米和500米处NDVI每增加一个四分位间距，与攻击行为总量的较低几率相关；100米缓冲区的优势比[OR]及其95%置信区间为0.958（0.926 - 0.990），而500米缓冲区为0.963（0.932 - 0.996）。在攻击行为的两个亚型中也观察到类似关联，包括言语攻击（100米处NDVI：0.960（0.925 - 0.995）；500米处NDVI：0.964（0.930 - 0.999））和间接攻击（100米处NDVI：0.956（0.924 - 0.990）；500米处NDVI：0.953（0.921 - 0.986））。学校周边绿化与攻击行为之间的关联不存在性别和年龄差异，不过，绿化暴露与攻击行为总量（0.933(0.895 - 0.975) 对 1.005(0.956 - 1.056)）、身体攻击（0.971(0.925 - 1.019) 对 1.098(1.043 - 1.156)）以及敌意（0.942(0.901 - 0.986) 对 1.016(0.965 - 1.069)）之间的有益关联在年龄≥16岁的参与者中比在年龄<16岁的参与者中更强。PM（中介比例估计值：0.21；95%置信区间：0.08，0.94）和NO（-0.78，95%置信区间：-3.22，-0.37）介导了学校周边500米处NDVI与攻击行为总量之间的关联。我们的数据表明，学校周边的绿化暴露与攻击行为减少有关，尤其是在言语和间接攻击方面。PM和NO的存在部分介导了这些关联关系。
