Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
Faculty of Organic Agricultural Science, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.
Pest Manag Sci. 2024 May;80(5):2333-2341. doi: 10.1002/ps.7641. Epub 2023 Jul 13.
Plant diversification, especially sowing crops with the addition of companion plants has been demonstrated as a suitable practice to increase insect pest control in multiple cropping systems. Since the ban on use of neonicotinoid seed treatments in oilseed rape (OSR), the harvested area has reduced significantly in Europe, mainly because of the damage caused by cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala). Several companion plants such as legumes and other species of Brassicaceae have been reported as potential companions for OSR but robust evaluation of their efficiency to reduce cabbage stem flea beetle damage in replicated trials is lacking.
Four field trials were conducted in the UK and Germany to test the effect of different companion plants, or the addition of straw mulch, on cabbage stem flea beetle adult feeding and larval infestation in OSR. We found significant differences in the level of feeding damage between treatments in all experiments. Combinations of OSR with cereal companion plants or with straw mulch showed the strongest reduction in adult feeding damage. A protective effect of legumes was also observed in one trial. Differences in larval infestation were also observed between treatments but were not consistent and might be more related to the OSR plant biomass than to treatments.
This study shows that companion planting can protect OSR crops from cabbage stem flea beetle adult feeding damage. We show for the first time that not only legumes, but also cereals and the application of straw mulch can have a strong protective effect on the crop. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
植物多样化，特别是在播种作物时加入伴生植物，已被证明是一种在多种作物系统中增加对虫害控制的有效方法。自从在油菜籽（OSR）中禁止使用新烟碱类种子处理剂以来，欧洲的收获面积已大幅减少，主要是因为小菜蛾（Psylliodes chrysocephala）造成的损害。一些伴生植物，如豆类和其他十字花科物种，已被报道为 OSR 的潜在伴生植物，但缺乏对其在重复试验中降低小菜蛾危害效率的稳健评估。
在英国和德国进行了四项田间试验，以测试不同伴生植物或添加秸秆覆盖物对 OSR 中小菜蛾成虫取食和幼虫侵染的影响。我们发现，所有试验中，处理间的取食损伤水平存在显著差异。OSR 与谷类伴生植物或秸秆覆盖物的组合显示出对成虫取食损伤的最强降低作用。在一项试验中还观察到豆类的保护作用。处理间也观察到幼虫侵染的差异，但不一致，可能与 OSR 植物生物量的关系更密切，而不是与处理的关系。
本研究表明，伴生种植可以保护 OSR 作物免受小菜蛾成虫取食的损害。我们首次表明，不仅豆类，而且谷类和秸秆覆盖物的应用对作物也有很强的保护作用。© 2023 作者。害虫管理科学由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
