Mielke Sarah R, Lendzele Sevidzem, Delgado Amy H, Abdoulmoumini Mamoudou, Dickmu Simon, Garabed Rebecca
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 16;10:1157538. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157538. eCollection 2023.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) is endemic in several regions and is a virus that can persist in the environment dependent on pH, relative humidity (RH), temperature, and matrix (i.e., soil, water, or air). Our previously published analysis of available viral persistence data showed that persistence is likely affected by interactions between RH, temperature, and matrix. Understanding these relationships will aid efforts to eliminate FMD, which has significant impacts on economies and food security. In Cameroon, West Africa, the livestock system consists of mobile (transhumant), transboundary trade and sedentary herds. Studying this system can provide information about the patterns of environmental detection of FMDV RNA that may influence approaches to virus elimination on premises during an outbreak. To improve our understanding of these patterns, we collected samples from individuals, vehicles, and along cattle pathways at three sedentary herds beginning on day one of owner-reported outbreaks, ending by day 30, and tested for the presence of FMD viral RNA using rRT-PCR. Our analysis suggests that detection decreases in soil surface samples with increased distance from herd and time from the first report of disease. Whereas time but not distance decreases detection in air samples. Interaction of RH and temperature suggests increased detection at high temperatures (>24°C) and RH (>75%), providing us with new information about the patterns of FMD viral RNA detection in and around cattle herds that could help to inform targeted virus elimination strategies, such as location and application of disinfectants.
口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）在多个地区呈地方性流行，是一种可在环境中持续存在的病毒，其持久性取决于pH值、相对湿度（RH）、温度和基质（即土壤、水或空气）。我们之前发表的对现有病毒持久性数据的分析表明，持久性可能受到相对湿度、温度和基质之间相互作用的影响。了解这些关系将有助于消除口蹄疫的努力，口蹄疫对经济和粮食安全有重大影响。在西非的喀麦隆，畜牧系统包括流动（游牧）、跨境贸易和定居畜群。研究这个系统可以提供有关口蹄疫病毒RNA环境检测模式的信息，这些模式可能会影响疫情爆发期间场内病毒消除的方法。为了更好地理解这些模式，我们从三个定居畜群的个体、车辆以及牛群通道沿线采集样本，从业主报告疫情的第一天开始，到第30天结束，并用逆转录实时荧光定量PCR检测口蹄疫病毒RNA的存在。我们的分析表明，随着距离畜群的距离增加和自疾病首次报告以来时间的推移，土壤表面样本中的检测率会降低。而在空气样本中，时间而非距离会降低检测率。相对湿度和温度的相互作用表明，在高温（>24°C）和高相对湿度（>75%）下检测率会增加，这为我们提供了有关牛群及其周围口蹄疫病毒RNA检测模式的新信息，有助于为有针对性的病毒消除策略提供信息，如消毒剂的位置和应用。
