Olson K R, Munshi J S, Ghosh T K, Ojha J
Am J Anat. 1986 Jul;176(3):305-20. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001760305.
The general macrocirculation and branchial microcirculation of the air-breathing climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion replicas. The ventral aorta arises from the heart as a short vessel that immediately bifurcates into a dorsal and a ventral branch. The ventral branch distributes blood to gill arches 1 and 2, the dorsal branch to arches 3 and 4. The vascular organization of arches 1 and 2 is similar to that described for aquatic breathing teleosts. The respiratory lamellae are well developed but lack a continuous inner marginal channel. The filaments contain an extensive nutritive and interlamellar network; the latter traverses the filament between, but in register with, the inner lamellar margins. Numerous small, tortuous vessels arise from the efferent filamental and branchial arteries and anastomose with each other to form the nutrient supply for the filament, adductor muscles, and arch supportive tissues. The efferent branchial arteries of arches 1 and 2 supply the accessory air-breathing organs. Arches 3 and 4 are modified to serve primarily as large-bore shunts between the dorsal branch of the ventral aorta and the dorsal aorta. In many filaments from arches 3 and 4, the respiratory lamellae are condensed and have only 1-3 large channels. In some instances in arch 4, shunt vessels arise from the afferent branchial artery and connect directly with the efferent filamental artery. The filamental nutrient and interlamellar systems are poorly developed or absent. The respiratory and systemic pathways in Anabas are arranged in parallel. Blood flows from the ventral branch of the ventral aorta, through gill arches 1 and 2, into the accessory respiratory organs, and then returns to the heart. Blood, after entering the dorsal branch of the ventral aorta, passes through gill arches 3 and 4 and proceeds to the systemic circulation. This arrangement optimizes oxygen delivery to the tissues and minimizes intravascular pressure in the branchial and air-breathing organs. The efficiency of this system is limited by the mixing of respiratory and systemic venous blood at the heart.
通过对血管铸型复制品进行光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜检查，研究了气呼吸攀鲈（Anabas testudineus）的体循环和鳃微循环。腹主动脉从心脏发出，是一条短血管，立即分为背侧和腹侧分支。腹侧分支将血液分配到第1和第2鳃弓，背侧分支将血液分配到第3和第4鳃弓。第1和第2鳃弓的血管组织与描述的水生呼吸硬骨鱼相似。呼吸薄片发育良好，但缺乏连续的内边缘通道。鳃丝含有广泛的营养和片间网络；后者在片内边缘之间穿过鳃丝，但与之一一对应。许多细小、曲折的血管从鳃丝传出动脉和鳃动脉发出，相互吻合，形成鳃丝、内收肌和鳃弓支持组织的营养供应。第1和第2鳃弓的鳃传出动脉为辅助气呼吸器官供血。第3和第4鳃弓经过改造，主要作为腹主动脉背侧分支与背主动脉之间大口径的分流通道。在第3和第4鳃弓的许多鳃丝中，呼吸薄片浓缩，只有1 - 3个大通道。在第4鳃弓的某些情况下，分流血管从鳃传入动脉发出，直接与鳃丝传出动脉相连。鳃丝营养和片间系统发育不良或不存在。攀鲈的呼吸和体循环途径是并行排列的。血液从腹主动脉的腹侧分支流出，通过第1和第2鳃弓，进入辅助呼吸器官，然后回到心脏。血液进入腹主动脉的背侧分支后，通过第3和第4鳃弓，进入体循环。这种排列优化了向组织输送氧气，并使鳃和呼吸器官中的血管内压力最小化。该系统的效率受到心脏处呼吸和体循环静脉血混合的限制。
