Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
Shiga Prefectural Livestock Production Technology Promotion Center, Hino, Shiga 529-1651, Japan.
Animal. 2023 Jul;17(7):100873. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100873. Epub 2023 Jun 10.
Liquefied sake lees, a by-product of Japanese sake, is rich in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proteins, and prebiotics derived from rice and yeast. Previous studies have reported that Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products improved the health, growth, and faecal characteristics of preweaning calves. This study investigated the effects of adding liquefied sake lees to milk replacer on the growth performance, faecal characteristics, and blood metabolites of preweaning Japanese Black calves from 6 to 90 days of age. Twenty-four Japanese Black calves at 6 days of age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: No liquefied sake lees (C, n = 8), 100 g/d (on a fresh matter basis) liquefied sake lees mixed with milk replacer (LS, n = 8), and 200 g/d (on a fresh matter basis) liquefied sake lees mixed with milk replacer (HS, n = 8). The intake of milk replacer and calf starter, as well as, the average daily gain did not differ between the treatments. The number of days counted with faecal score 1 in LS was higher than in HS (P < 0.05), while the number of days with diarrhoea medication in LS and C was lower than HS (P < 0.05). The faecal n-butyric acid concentration tended to be higher in LS compared to C (P = 0.060). The alpha diversity index (Chao1) was higher in HS than in C and LS at 90 days of age (P < 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using weighted UniFrac distance showed that the bacterial community structures in faeces among the treatments at 90 days of age were significantly different (P < 0.05). The plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration, an indicator of rumen development, was higher for LS than in C throughout the experiment (P < 0.05). These results suggested that adding liquefied sake lees up to 100 g/d (on a fresh matter basis) might promote rumen development in preweaning Japanese Black calves.
清酒醪，一种日本清酒的副产物，富含酿酒酵母、大米和酵母衍生的蛋白质和益生元。先前的研究表明，酿酒酵母发酵产物改善了断奶前小牛的健康、生长和粪便特征。本研究调查了在代乳料中添加清酒醪对 6 至 90 日龄日本黑牛犊生长性能、粪便特征和血液代谢物的影响。24 头 6 日龄的日本黑牛犊随机分为 3 个处理组：不添加清酒醪（C 组，n=8）、在代乳料中添加 100 g/d（以新鲜物质为基础）清酒醪（LS 组，n=8）和在代乳料中添加 200 g/d（以新鲜物质为基础）清酒醪（HS 组，n=8）。各组犊牛的代乳料和犊牛开食料采食量以及平均日增重均无差异。LS 组粪便评分 1 的天数高于 HS 组（P<0.05），而 LS 组和 C 组的腹泻药物治疗天数低于 HS 组（P<0.05）。LS 组粪便中 n-丁酸浓度有高于 C 组的趋势（P=0.060）。90 日龄时，HS 组的 alpha 多样性指数（Chao1）高于 C 组和 LS 组（P<0.05）。基于加权 UniFrac 距离的主坐标分析（PCoA）显示，90 日龄时粪便中各处理组的细菌群落结构存在显著差异（P<0.05）。血浆 β-羟丁酸浓度是瘤胃发育的一个指标，LS 组整个试验过程中的浓度均高于 C 组（P<0.05）。这些结果表明，在代乳料中添加高达 100 g/d（以新鲜物质为基础）的清酒醪可能会促进断奶前日本黑牛犊的瘤胃发育。
