Pine Fred
Department of Psychiatry.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1986 Jul;56(3):450-457. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1986.tb03476.x.
A model of the development of the borderline child is presented. It is organized around three central themes: early experiences of being overwhelmed (trauma); the evolution of developmental deficits; and desperate reliance on ultimately maladaptive survival mechanisms for coping.
提出了一个边缘型儿童发展的模型。它围绕三个核心主题展开：早期被压垮的经历（创伤）；发展缺陷的演变；以及为应对而对最终适应不良的生存机制的极度依赖。
