Froines J R, Dellenbaugh C A, Wegman D H
Am J Public Health. 1986 Sep;76(9):1089-96. doi: 10.2105/ajph.76.9.1089.
The lack of successful disease surveillance methods has resulted in few reliable estimates of workplace-related disease. Hazard surveillance--the ongoing assessment of chemical use and worker exposure to the chemicals--is presented as a way to supplement occupational disease surveillance. Existing OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Health) data systems are adapted to this function to characterize the distribution and type of hazardous industry in Los Angeles County. A new method is developed for ranking potentially hazardous industries in the county using actual exposure measurements from federal OSHA compliance inspections. The strengths of the different systems are presented along with considerations of industrial employment and types of specific chemical exposures. Applications for information from hazard surveillance are discussed in terms of intervention, monitoring exposure control, planning, research, and as a complement to disease surveillance.
缺乏成功的疾病监测方法导致对与工作场所相关疾病的可靠估计很少。危害监测——对化学品使用情况以及工人接触化学品情况的持续评估——被视为补充职业病监测的一种方式。现有的美国职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）和美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）的数据系统适用于此功能，以描述洛杉矶县危险行业的分布和类型。利用联邦OSHA合规检查的实际接触测量数据，开发了一种新方法来对该县潜在危险行业进行排名。介绍了不同系统的优势，同时考虑了行业就业情况和特定化学物质接触类型。从干预、监测接触控制、规划、研究以及作为疾病监测的补充等方面讨论了危害监测信息的应用。
