von Stumm Sophie, Malanchini Margherita, Fisher Helen L
Department of Education, University of York, York, UK.
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Dev Psychopathol. 2023 Jul 5:1-10. doi: 10.1017/S095457942300069X.
Intelligence and mental health are the core pillars of individual adaptation, growth, and opportunity. Here, we charted across childhood and adolescence the developmental interplay between the p-factor of psychopathology, which captures the experience of symptoms across the spectrum of psychiatric disorders, and the g-factor of general intelligence that describes the ability to think, reason, and learn.Our preregistered analyses included 7,433 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), who were born 1994 to 1996 in England and Wales. At the ages 7, 9, 12, and 16 years, the twins completed two to four intelligence tests, and multi-informant measures (i.e., self-, parent- and teacher-rated) of psychopathology were collected.Independent of their cross-sectional correlations, p- and g-factors were linked by consistent, bidirectional, and negative cross-lagged paths across childhood and adolescence (from -.07 to -.13 with 95% CIs from -.03 to -.15). The cross-lagged paths from intelligence to psychopathology were largely due to genetic influences, but the paths from psychopathology to intelligence were driven by environmental factors, and increasingly so with age.Our findings suggest that intelligence and psychopathology are developmentally intertwined due to fluctuating etiological processes. Understanding the interplay of g- and p-factors is key for improving children's developmental outcomes.
智力和心理健康是个体适应、成长和获得机遇的核心支柱。在此，我们梳理了儿童期和青少年期精神病理学p因素（涵盖各类精神障碍症状体验）与一般智力g因素（描述思考、推理和学习能力）之间的发展性相互作用。我们预先登记的分析纳入了来自双胞胎早期发展研究（TEDS）的7433对双胞胎，他们于1994年至1996年出生在英格兰和威尔士。在7岁、9岁、12岁和16岁时，这些双胞胎完成了两到四项智力测试，并收集了多渠道（即自我、父母和教师评定）的精神病理学测量数据。独立于它们的横断面相关性之外，p因素和g因素在儿童期和青少年期通过一致、双向且负向的交叉滞后路径相联系（从-0.07至-0.13，95%置信区间为-0.03至-0.15）。从智力到精神病理学的交叉滞后路径很大程度上归因于遗传影响，但从精神病理学到智力的路径则由环境因素驱动，且随着年龄增长愈发如此。我们的研究结果表明，由于病因过程的波动，智力和精神病理学在发展上相互交织。理解g因素和p因素的相互作用是改善儿童发展结果的关键。
