Allegrini Andrea G, van Beijsterveldt Toos, Boomsma Dorret I, Rimfeld Kaili, Pingault Jean-Baptiste, Plomin Robert, Bartels Meike, Nivard Michel G
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK.
Department of Clinical Educational and Health Psychology Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London London UK.
JCPP Adv. 2022 Sep 5;2(3):e12100. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12100. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Comorbidity between psychopathologies may be attributed to genetic and environmental differences between people as well as causal processes within individuals, where one pathology increases risk for another. Disentangling between-person (co)variance from within-person processes of psychopathology dimensions across childhood may shed light on developmental causes of comorbid mental health problems. Here, we aim to determine whether and to what extent directional relationships between psychopathology dimensions within-person, and between individuals within families, play a role in comorbidity.
We conducted random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) analyses to unravel the longitudinal co-occurrence of child psychopathology dimensions, jointly estimating between-person and within-person processes from childhood to early adolescence (age 7-12). We further developed an extension of the model to estimate sibling effects within-family (wf-RI-CLPM). Analyses were separately conducted in two large population-based cohorts, TEDS and NTR, including parent-rated measures of child problem behaviours based on the SDQ and CBCL scales respectively.
We found evidence for strong between-person effects underlying the positive intercorrelation between problem behaviours across time. Beyond these time-varying within-person processes accounted for an increasing amount of trait variance, within- and cross-trait, overtime in both cohorts. Lastly, by accommodating family level data, we found evidence for reciprocal directional influences within sib-pairs longitudinally.
Our results indicate that within-person processes partly explain the co-occurrence of psychopathology dimensions across childhood, and within sib-pairs. Analyses provided substantive results on developmental processes underlying comorbidity in behavioural problems. Future studies should consider different developmental timeframes to shed more light on the processes contributing to developmental comorbidity.
精神病理学之间的共病可能归因于个体之间的遗传和环境差异以及个体内部的因果过程，其中一种病理学增加了另一种病理学的风险。理清儿童期精神病理学维度的个体间（共）方差与个体内过程，可能有助于揭示共病心理健康问题的发展原因。在此，我们旨在确定个体内精神病理学维度之间以及家庭内个体之间的方向性关系是否以及在多大程度上在共病中起作用。
我们进行了随机截距交叉滞后面板模型（RI-CLPM）分析，以揭示儿童精神病理学维度的纵向共现情况，联合估计从童年到青春期早期（7-12岁）的个体间和个体内过程。我们进一步扩展了该模型，以估计家庭内的同胞效应（wf-RI-CLPM）。分别在两个基于人群的大型队列TEDS和NTR中进行分析，分别包括基于SDQ和CBCL量表的家长评定的儿童问题行为测量。
我们发现有证据表明，问题行为之间随时间的正相关存在强烈的个体间效应。除了这些随时间变化的个体内过程在两个队列中随时间推移解释了越来越多的特质方差（包括特质内和跨特质）外。最后，通过纳入家庭层面的数据，我们发现有证据表明同胞对之间存在纵向的相互方向性影响。
我们的结果表明，个体内过程部分解释了儿童期以及同胞对中精神病理学维度的共现情况。分析为行为问题共病的发展过程提供了实质性结果。未来的研究应考虑不同的发育时间框架，以更深入地了解导致发育共病的过程。
