Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
JASCO Applied Sciences, 20 Mount Hope Avenue, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4S3, Canada.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2023 Jul 1;154(1):28-47. doi: 10.1121/10.0019942.
An ocean-ice-acoustic coupled model is configured for the Beaufort Sea. The model uses outputs from a data assimilating global scale ice-ocean-atmosphere forecast to drive a bimodal roughness algorithm for generating a realistic ice canopy. The resulting range-dependent ice cover obeys observed roughness, keel number density, depth, and slope, and floe size statistics. The ice is inserted into a parabolic equation acoustic propagation model as a near-zero impedance fluid layer along with a model defined range-dependent sound speed profile. Year-long observations of transmissions at 35 Hz from the Coordinated Arctic Acoustic Thermometry Experiment and 925 Hz from the Arctic Mobile Observing System source were recorded over the winter of 2019-2020 on a free-drifting, eight-element vertical line array designed to vertically span the Beaufort duct. The ocean-ice-acoustic coupled model predicts receive levels that reasonably agree with the measurements over propagation ranges of 30-800 km. At 925 Hz, seasonal and sub-seasonal ocean and ice driven variations of propagation loss are captured in the data and reproduced in the model.
配置了一个用于波弗特海的海洋-冰-声耦合模型。该模型使用数据同化的全球尺度冰-海-气预测输出，驱动双模态粗糙度算法，以生成逼真的冰幕。由此产生的随距离变化的冰盖符合观测到的粗糙度、龙骨数密度、深度和坡度以及浮冰块大小统计数据。冰被插入抛物线方程声传播模型中，作为具有近零阻抗的流体层，以及定义的随距离变化的声速剖面。在 2019-2020 年冬季，在一个自由漂流的、由八个元件组成的垂直线阵上记录了协调北极声温实验的 35 Hz 和北极移动观测系统源的 925 Hz 的长达一年的传输观测，该线阵旨在垂直跨越波弗特海峡。海洋-冰-声耦合模型预测的接收电平与在 30-800 km 的传播范围内的测量值相当吻合。在 925 Hz 下，数据中捕获到了海洋和冰驱动的传播损耗的季节性和亚季节性变化，并在模型中得到了再现。
