Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of EducationMinistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China.
Lab Chip. 2023 Jul 25;23(15):3424-3432. doi: 10.1039/d3lc00238a.
Creatinine and albumin are crucial biomarkers for health monitoring and their ratio in urine is an effective approach for albuminuria assessment. Herein, to address the challenges of point-of-care and efficient analysis of the biomarkers simultaneously, we developed a fully integrated handheld smartphone-based photoelectrochemical biosensing system. A miniaturized printed circuit board included a potentiostat for photocurrent measurements and single-wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for photo-excitation, which was controlled with a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)/chitosan nanocomposites were modified on a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as photoactive materials. Creatinine was detected through chelate formation with copper ion probes, while albumin was recognized specifically by an antigen-antibody reaction based on immunoassay. The biosensing system demonstrated good linearity and high sensitivity, with detection ranges of 100 μg mL to 1500 μg mL for creatinine, and 9.9 μg mL to 500 μg mL for albumin. Spiked artificial urine samples with different concentrations were tested to confirm the practical validity of the biosensing system, where an acceptable recovery rate ranged from 98.7% to 105.3%. This portable photoelectrochemical biosensing platform provides a convenient and cost-effective method for biofluid analysis, which has an extensive prospect in point-of-care testing (POCT) for mobile health.
肌酐和白蛋白是健康监测的关键生物标志物，其尿液比值是评估白蛋白尿的有效方法。在此，为了解决即时检测和高效分析生物标志物的挑战，我们开发了一种完全集成的基于智能手机的手持式光电化学生物传感系统。一个小型化的印刷电路板包括一个用于光电流测量的恒电位仪和一个用于光激发的单波长发光二极管（LED），由支持蓝牙的智能手机控制。石墨相氮化碳（g-CN）/壳聚糖纳米复合材料被修饰在透明氧化铟锡（ITO）电极上作为光活性材料。肌酐通过与铜离子探针形成螯合物来检测，而白蛋白则通过基于免疫测定的抗原-抗体反应特异性识别。该生物传感系统表现出良好的线性和高灵敏度，肌酐的检测范围为 100μg mL 至 1500μg mL，白蛋白的检测范围为 9.9μg mL 至 500μg mL。对不同浓度的加标人工尿液样本进行测试，以确认生物传感系统的实际有效性，其中可接受的回收率范围为 98.7%至 105.3%。这个便携式光电化学生物传感平台为生物流体分析提供了一种方便且具有成本效益的方法，在移动医疗的即时检测（POCT）中有广泛的应用前景。
