Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Aug;107(16):5191-5208. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12654-6. Epub 2023 Jul 5.
The biosynthesis and secretion of Monascus pigments are closely related to the integrity of the cell membrane, which determines the composition of lipids and its content in cell membrane. The present study aimed to thoroughly describe the changes of lipid profiling in Monascus purpureus BWY-5, which was screened by carbon ion beam irradiation (C) to almost single yield extracellular Monascus yellow pigments (extra-MYPs), by absolute quantitative lipidomics and tandem mass tags (TMT) based quantitative proteomic. C irradiation caused non-lipid oxidation damage to Monascus cell membrane, leading to an imbalance in cell membrane lipid homeostasis. This imbalance was attributed to significant changes not only in the composition but also in the content of lipids in Monascus, especially the inhibition of glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Integrity of plasma membrane was maintained by the increased production of ergosterol, monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol (MGMG) and sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (SQMG), while mitochondrial membrane homeostasis was maintained by the increase of cardiolipin production. The growth and extra-MYPs production of Monascus BWY-5 have been regulated by the promotion of sphingolipids (ceramide and sulfatide) biosynthesis. Simultaneous, energy homeostasis may be achieved by increase of TG synthesis and Ca/Mg-ATPase activity. These finding suggest ergosterol, cardiolipin, sphingolipids, MGMG and SQMG play a key facilitating role in cytomembrane lipid homeostasis maintaining for Monascus purpureus BWY-5, and then it is closely related to cell growth and extra-MYPs production. KEY POINTS: 1. Energy homeostasis in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was achieved by increase of TG synthesis and Ca/Mg-ATPase activity. 2. Integrity of plasma membrane in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was maintained by the increased production of ergosterol. 3. Mitochondrial membrane homeostasis in Monascus purpureus BWY-5 was maintaed by the increase of cardiolipin synthesis.
红曲菌生物合成和分泌与细胞膜的完整性密切相关，而细胞膜的完整性决定了脂质的组成及其在细胞膜中的含量。本研究旨在通过绝对定量脂质组学和串联质量标签（TMT）基于定量蛋白质组学，全面描述经碳离子束辐照（C）筛选得到的几乎单产胞外红曲黄色素（extra-MYPs）的红曲菌（Monascus purpureus BWY-5）的脂质谱变化。C 辐照对红曲细胞膜造成非脂质氧化损伤，导致细胞膜脂质动态平衡失衡。这种失衡不仅归因于脂质组成的显著变化，还归因于红曲中脂质含量的显著变化，特别是甘油磷脂生物合成的抑制。质膜的完整性通过增加麦角固醇、单半乳糖基甘油二酰基甘油（MGMG）和磺基奎诺糖基单酰基甘油（SQMG）的产生来维持，而线粒体膜的动态平衡则通过增加心磷脂的产生来维持。通过促进神经酰胺和神经节苷脂的生物合成，调节了红曲菌 BWY-5 的生长和 extra-MYPs 的产生。同时，通过增加 TG 合成和 Ca/Mg-ATP 酶活性，实现了能量动态平衡。这些发现表明，麦角固醇、心磷脂、神经鞘脂、MGMG 和 SQMG 在维持红曲菌 BWY-5 细胞溶质膜脂质动态平衡方面发挥了关键作用，与细胞生长和 extra-MYPs 产生密切相关。关键点：1. 通过增加 TG 合成和 Ca/Mg-ATP 酶活性，实现了 Monascus purpureus BWY-5 中的能量动态平衡。2. 通过增加麦角固醇的产生，维持了 Monascus purpureus BWY-5 中质膜的完整性。3. 通过增加心磷脂的合成，维持了 Monascus purpureus BWY-5 中线粒体膜的动态平衡。
