Kinishi M, Amatsu M
Auris Nasus Larynx. 1986;13(1):53-62. doi: 10.1016/s0385-8146(86)80023-2.
Twenty tracheoesophageal speakers, 5 esophageal speakers, and 10 laryngeal speakers were subjected to pitch perturbation measurement in the sustained vowel production. Mean jitter, jitter ratio, average perturbation, and relative average perturbation were calculated from the successive vocal period. Jitter ratio values were 9.7 for laryngeal speakers, 29.6 for tracheoesophageal speakers, and 58.3 for esophageal speakers. Relative average perturbation values were 6.1 X 10(-3) for laryngeal speakers, 18.2 X 10(-3) for tracheoesophageal speakers, and 38.1 X 10(-3) for esophageal speakers. Results indicate that tracheoesophageal speech using exhaled pulmonary air is more stable than conventional esophageal speech.
20名气管食管发音者、5名食管发音者和10名喉发音者在持续元音发音时接受了音高扰动测量。从连续的发声周期计算平均抖动、抖动率、平均扰动和相对平均扰动。喉发音者的抖动率值为9.7，气管食管发音者为29.6，食管发音者为58.3。喉发音者的相对平均扰动值为6.1×10⁻³，气管食管发音者为18.2×10⁻³，食管发音者为38.1×10⁻³。结果表明，使用呼出肺内空气的气管食管言语比传统食管言语更稳定。
