Allen M E, McKay C, Eaves D M, Hamilton D
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1986 Jul;57(7):647-53.
This study evaluated the time course to Malaise III in human subjects given naloxone and placebo with a double-blind cross-over protocol in the prevention of motion sickness induced by exposure to coriolis stimulation in a rotating chair. During naloxone tests, subjects reached the designated level of sickness sooner than during the placebo testing (significance greater than 0.05) and their discomfort lingered for up to 3 d--a feature not seen with the placebo. This implicates endogenous opiates with an endogenous protective or adaptive role in the control of motion sickness. It is suggested that when subjects experience endogenous opioid withdrawal, such as post exercise, they could be in a state of neuron hypersensitivity, and thus more prone to any form of exogenous emetic stimuli. Greater tolerance to motion stresses could be experienced in subjects whose endorphins were repeatedly elevated, thus avoiding a hypersensitivity state from endogenous opiate withdrawal. Subjects whose endorphins have not been elevated in the first instance cannot secondarily suffer opioid abstinence.
本研究采用双盲交叉试验方案,评估了纳洛酮和安慰剂对人体在预防转椅中科里奥利刺激诱发晕动病时达到不适Ⅲ级的时间进程。在纳洛酮测试期间,受试者比服用安慰剂时更快达到指定的不适程度(显著性大于0.05),且不适持续长达3天,这是服用安慰剂时未出现的特征。这表明内源性阿片类物质在晕动病控制中具有内源性保护或适应性作用。研究表明,当受试者经历内源性阿片类物质戒断时,如运动后,他们可能处于神经元超敏状态,因此更容易受到任何形式的外源性催吐刺激。内啡肽反复升高的受试者可能对运动应激具有更高的耐受性,从而避免内源性阿片类物质戒断引起的超敏状态。最初内啡肽未升高的受试者不会继发阿片类物质戒断症状。