Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia - FACET, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rod. Dourados Itahum Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente (PPGBMA), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (FCBA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rod. Dourados Itahum Km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2023 Oct;337:139429. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139429. Epub 2023 Jul 5.
The Aquidauana River is an important ecological corridor in the Pantanal biome. However, the growth of agricultural and urban areas along its banks has contributed to the deterioration of its water quality, consequently putting the aquatic biota at risk. Our objectives were to evaluate: 1) the composition of the landscape around six sampling sites located in the Aquidauana River middle section; and 2) the quality of its water by determining limnological parameters, concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and the risks to native aquatic biota. Water samples were collected in November 2020. We observed the conversion of native riparian vegetation to extensive pasture areas and anthropic occupation around the sampling sites. We observed that the chlorophyll and total ammoniacal nitrogen values were above the standards established by Brazilian legislation in all samples. Studies focused on the quantification of CECs in the Pantanal waters are scarce, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated the presence of pharmaceuticals in the Aquidauana River. All 30 CECs analyzed were detected in at least one water sample. Eleven CECs were quantified with eight pesticides (atrazine, diuron, hexazinone, tebuthiuron, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, tebuconazole, and fipronil) and one atrazine degradation product (atrazine-2-hydroxy), caffeine, and bisphenol A. The concentrations of atrazine herbicide observed in the water samples pose risks for protecting aquatic biota (RQs >1). Therefore, the native biota of the Pantanal biome is vulnerable to several types of toxic contaminants observed in the water, which can cause the disappearance of native and endemic species in this region. Establishing a monitoring program, improving sanitation infrastructure, and intensifying good agricultural practices are essential for reducing and controlling the entry of CECs into the Aquidauana River and the Pantanal water system.
阿基杜瓦纳河是潘塔纳尔湿地生物群系的重要生态走廊。然而，其河岸沿线农业和城市地区的发展导致了其水质恶化，从而使水生生物面临风险。我们的目标是评估：1）位于阿基杜瓦纳河中段的六个采样点周围景观的组成；2）通过确定水文学参数、新兴关注污染物（CEC）的浓度以及对本地水生生物的风险来评估其水质。水样于 2020 年 11 月采集。我们观察到，在采样点周围，原生河岸植被已转变为广泛的牧场区和人类活动区。我们发现，所有样本中的叶绿素和总氨氮值均高于巴西法规规定的标准。针对潘塔纳尔湿地中 CEC 定量的研究很少，据我们所知，这是首次研究阿基杜瓦纳河中存在的药物。在所分析的 30 种 CEC 中，至少有一种在至少一个水样中被检测到。在所分析的 30 种 CEC 中，至少有一种在至少一个水样中被检测到。有 11 种 CEC 被定量分析，包括 8 种农药（莠去津、西玛津、环嗪酮、特丁津、唑菌胺酯、多菌灵、戊唑醇和氟虫腈）和一种莠去津降解产物（去草净）、咖啡因和双酚 A。水样中莠去津除草剂的浓度对保护水生生物构成风险（RQs>1）。因此，潘塔纳尔生物群系的本地生物极易受到水中观察到的几种有毒污染物的影响，这可能导致该地区的本地和特有物种消失。建立监测计划、改善卫生基础设施和加强良好农业实践对于减少和控制 CEC 进入阿基杜瓦纳河和潘塔纳尔水系至关重要。
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