Oliveira Thiessa M A, Mansano Adrislaine S, Holanda Carlos A, Pinto Tiago S, Reis Jonas B, Azevedo Eduardo B, Verbinnen Raphael T, Viana José Lucas, Franco Teresa C R S, Vieira Eny M
São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Santa Luzia Faculty, Santa Inês, Maranhão, Brazil.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2024 Oct;43(10):2199-2210. doi: 10.1002/etc.5953. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
We investigated the occurrence and the environmental risk of eight contaminants of emerging concern (CECs; acetaminophen, naproxen, diclofenac, methylparaben, 17β-estradiol, sulfathiazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfamethazine) in three Brazilian water bodies, namely, the Monjolinho River Basin (São Paulo State), the Mogi Guaçu River (São Paulo State), and the Itapecuru River (Maranhão State) in three sampling campaigns. The CECs were only quantified in surface water samples collected at the Monjolinho River Basin. Acetaminophen, naproxen, and methylparaben were detected in the range of <200 to 575.9 ng L, <200 to 224.7 ng L, and <200 to 303.6 ng L, respectively. The detection frequencies of the three measured compounds were between 33% and 67%. The highest concentrations of CECs were associated with intense urbanization and untreated sewage discharge. Furthermore, CEC concentrations were significantly correlated with total organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen levels, suggesting that domestic pollution from urban areas is an important source in the distribution of CECs in the Monjolinho River Basin. The environmental risk assessment indicated a high risk for acetaminophen (risk quotient [RQ] values between 2.1 and 5.8), a medium risk for naproxen (RQs between 0.6 and 0.7), and a low risk for methylparaben (RQs < 0.1) to the freshwater biota of the Monjolinho River Basin. Our findings show potential threats of CECs in Brazilian water bodies, especially in vulnerable areas, and reinforce the need for improvements in environmental regulations to include monitoring and control of these compounds in aquatic systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2199-2210. © 2024 SETAC.
我们在三次采样活动中，对巴西三个水体（即圣保罗州的蒙若利尼奥河流域、圣保罗州的莫吉瓜苏河以及马拉尼昂州的伊塔佩库鲁河）中八种新兴关注污染物（CECs；对乙酰氨基酚、萘普生、双氯芬酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、17β-雌二醇、磺胺噻唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺甲嘧啶）的存在情况及环境风险进行了调查。CECs仅在蒙若利尼奥河流域采集的地表水样本中进行了定量分析。对乙酰氨基酚、萘普生和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯的检测浓度范围分别为<200至575.9 ng/L、<200至224.7 ng/L和<200至303.6 ng/L。这三种被测化合物的检测频率在33%至67%之间。CECs的最高浓度与密集的城市化进程和未经处理的污水排放有关。此外，CEC浓度与总有机碳、电导率和溶解氧水平显著相关，这表明城市地区的生活污染是蒙若利尼奥河流域CECs分布的一个重要来源。环境风险评估表明，对乙酰氨基酚对蒙若利尼奥河流域淡水生物群具有高风险（风险商数[RQ]值在2.1至5.8之间），萘普生具有中等风险（RQ值在0.6至0.7之间），对羟基苯甲酸甲酯具有低风险（RQ值<0.1）。我们的研究结果表明，CECs对巴西水体，尤其是脆弱地区存在潜在威胁，并强化了改进环境法规以纳入对水生系统中这些化合物进行监测和控制的必要性。《环境毒理学与化学》2024年；43:2199 - 2210。©2024 SETAC。
