Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 15;899:165356. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165356. Epub 2023 Jul 7.
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) in natural water bodies reflects the global issue regarding these micropollutants. The main problem of MPs lies on the difficulty of removing these particles from water during wastewater and drinking water treatments. The release of MPs to the environment in treated wastewater contributed to the dispersion of these micropollutants, which enhances the harmful effect of MPs on fauna and flora. In addition, their presence in tap water entails a potential risk to human health since MPs can be directly consumed. The first step is being able to quantify and characterise these microparticles accurately. In this work, a comprehensive analysis on the presence of MPs in wastewater, drinking water and tap water has been conducted with emphasis on sampling methods, pre-treatment, MP size and analytical methods. Based on literature data, a standard experimental procedure has been proposed with the objective of recommending a methodology that allows the homogenisation of MP analysis in water samples. Finally, reported MP concentrations for influents and effluents of drinking and wastewater treatment plants and tap water have been analysed, in terms of abundance, ranges and average values, and a tentative classification of different waters based on their MP concentrations is proposed.
微塑料（MPs）在天然水体中的普遍存在反映了这些微污染物的全球性问题。MPs 的主要问题在于在废水和饮用水处理过程中难以从水中去除这些颗粒。处理后的废水中 MPs 的释放导致这些微污染物的分散，从而增强了 MPs 对动植物的有害影响。此外，由于 MPs 可以直接被人体摄入，它们在自来水中的存在对人类健康构成了潜在风险。第一步是能够准确地量化和描述这些微粒。在这项工作中，对废水、饮用水和自来水中的 MPs 进行了全面的分析，重点是采样方法、预处理、MP 大小和分析方法。基于文献数据，提出了一种标准的实验程序，目的是推荐一种方法，使水样中 MPs 分析的均匀化。最后，根据丰度、范围和平均值分析了饮用水和废水处理厂的进水和出水以及自来水中的 MPs 浓度，并根据 MPs 浓度对不同水进行了分类。
