土壤改良剂对酸性土壤酸度和作物产量的影响：全球范围的荟萃分析。
Effects of soil amendments on soil acidity and crop yields in acidic soils: A world-wide meta-analysis.
机构信息
International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572000, China.
出版信息
J Environ Manage. 2023 Nov 1;345:118531. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118531. Epub 2023 Jul 7.
Soil amendments, including lime, biochar, industrial by-products, manure, and straw are used to alleviate soil acidification and improve crop productivity. Quantitative insight in the effect of these amendments on soil pH is limited, hampering their appropriate use. Until now, there is no comprehensive evaluation of the effects of soil amendments on soil acidity and yield, accounting for differences in soil properties. We synthesized 832 observations from 142 papers to explore the impact of these amendments on crop yield, soil pH and soil properties, focusing on acidic soils with a pH value below 6.5. Application of lime, biochar, by-products, manure, straw and combinations of them significantly increased soil pH by 15%, 12%, 15%, 13%, 5% and 17%, and increased crop yield by 29%, 57%, 50%, 55%, 9%, and 52%, respectively. The increase of soil pH was positively correlated with the increase in crop yield, but the relationship varied among crop types. The most substantial increases in soil pH and yield in response to soil amendments were found under long-term applications (>6 year) in strongly acidic (pH < 5.0) sandy soils with a low cation exchange capacity (CEC, <100 mmol kg) and low soil organic matter content (SOM, <12 g kg). Most amendments increased soil CEC, SOM and base saturation (BS) and decreased soil bulk density (BD), but lime application increased soil BD (1%) induced by soil compaction. Soil pH and yield were positively correlated with CEC, SOM and BS, while yield declined when soils became compacted. Considering the impact of the amendments on soil pH, soil properties and crop yield as well as their costs, the addition of lime, manure and straw seem most appropriate in acidic soils with an initial pH range from <5.0, 5.0-6.0 and 6.0-6.5, respectively.
土壤改良剂，包括石灰、生物炭、工业副产品、粪肥和秸秆，被用于缓解土壤酸化并提高作物生产力。然而，这些改良剂对土壤 pH 值的影响的定量认识有限，这限制了它们的合理使用。到目前为止，还没有综合评估这些改良剂对土壤酸度和产量的影响，也没有考虑到土壤特性的差异。我们综合了 142 篇论文中的 832 个观测结果，探讨了这些改良剂对作物产量、土壤 pH 值和土壤特性的影响，重点关注 pH 值低于 6.5 的酸性土壤。石灰、生物炭、副产品、粪肥、秸秆及其组合的应用分别显著提高了土壤 pH 值 15%、12%、15%、13%、5%和 17%，并分别提高了作物产量 29%、57%、50%、55%、9%和 52%。土壤 pH 值的增加与作物产量的增加呈正相关，但这种关系因作物类型而异。在强酸性（pH<5.0）、阳离子交换量（CEC，<100mmol/kg）和土壤有机质含量（SOM，<12g/kg）较低的沙质土壤中，长期（>6 年）应用土壤改良剂可获得最大的土壤 pH 值和产量提高。大多数改良剂增加了土壤 CEC、SOM 和碱饱和度（BS），降低了土壤容重（BD），但石灰的应用增加了土壤容重（1%），这是由土壤压实引起的。土壤 pH 值和产量与 CEC、SOM 和 BS 呈正相关，而当土壤变得紧实时，产量则下降。考虑到改良剂对土壤 pH 值、土壤特性和作物产量的影响及其成本，在初始 pH 值分别为<5.0、5.0-6.0 和 6.0-6.5 的酸性土壤中，添加石灰、粪肥和秸秆似乎是最合适的。
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