Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST-AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
BMJ Open. 2023 Jul 9;13(7):e070328. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070328.
The importance of a healthy lifestyle in preventing morbidity and mortality is well-established. The COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant lifestyle changes globally, but the extent of these changes in the Brazilian population remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in lifestyle among the Brazilian general population during the first year of the pandemic.
Three consecutive anonymous web surveys were carried out: survey 1 (S1)-April 2020, S2-August 2020 and S3-January 2021.
Brazil.
The study included 19 257 (S1), 1590 (S2) and 859 (S3) participants from the general population, who were ≥18 years, of both sexes, with access to the internet, self-reporting living in Brazil and who agreed to participate after reading the informed consent.
Lifestyle changes were assessed using the Short Multidimensional Instrument for Lifestyle Evaluation-Confinement (SMILE-C). The SMILE-C assesses lifestyle across multiple domains including diet, substance use, physical activity, stress management, restorative sleep, social support and environmental exposures. We used a combination of bootstrapping and linear fixed-effect modelling to estimate pairwise mean differences of SMILE-C scores overall and by domain between surveys.
In all the surveys, participants were mostly women and with a high education level. Mean SMILE-C scores were 186.4 (S1), 187.4 (S2) and 190.5 (S3), indicating a better lifestyle in S3 as compared with S1. The pairwise mean differences of the overall SMILE-C scores were statistically significant (p<0.001). We also observed a better lifestyle over time in all domains except for diet and social support.
Our findings indicate that individuals from a large middle-income country, such as Brazil, struggled to restore diet and social relationships after 1 year of the pandemic. These findings have implications for monitoring the long-term consequences of the pandemic, as well as future pandemics.
健康生活方式在预防发病和死亡方面的重要性已得到充分证实。COVID-19 大流行在全球范围内带来了重大的生活方式改变，但巴西人口的这些改变程度尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估大流行第一年巴西一般人群的生活方式变化。
连续进行了三次匿名网络调查：调查 1（S1）-2020 年 4 月、S2-2020 年 8 月和 S3-2021 年 1 月。
巴西。
该研究包括来自一般人群的 19257（S1）、1590（S2）和 859（S3）名参与者，年龄≥18 岁，性别不限，能够上网，自我报告居住在巴西，并在阅读知情同意书后同意参加。
使用简短多维生活方式评估量表-禁闭（SMILE-C）评估生活方式变化。SMILE-C 评估了包括饮食、物质使用、体育活动、压力管理、恢复性睡眠、社会支持和环境暴露在内的多个领域的生活方式。我们使用自举和线性固定效应模型的组合来估计所有调查之间的 SMILE-C 评分的总体和各领域的成对平均差异。
在所有调查中，参与者主要是女性，教育水平较高。SMILE-C 的平均得分分别为 186.4（S1）、187.4（S2）和 190.5（S3），表明 S3 的生活方式优于 S1。SMILE-C 总分的成对平均差异具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。我们还观察到除了饮食和社会支持外，所有领域的生活方式随着时间的推移都有所改善。
我们的研究结果表明，来自巴西等中等收入大国的个体在大流行一年后努力恢复饮食和社会关系。这些发现对监测大流行的长期后果以及未来的大流行具有重要意义。
