Sanwal Chandra, Mahmood Aftab, Bailey Michael, Patel Krutika, Guzman Antonio
Graduate Medical Education, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christie, TX.
Department of Pathology, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christie, TX.
HCA Healthc J Med. 2021 Feb 26;2(1):39-45. doi: 10.36518/2689-0216.1114. eCollection 2021.
Description Plasma cell leukemia is a rare, aggressive form of multiple myeloma with the presence of circulating plasma cells in the peripheral blood. There are two types of plasma cell leukemia, primary and secondary, depending on if there was previous evidence of multiple myeloma. The diagnostic criterion of plasma cell leukemia is based on a percentage (>20%) or an absolute number of (≥2 × 10/L) plasma cells in the peripheral circulation. We present the clinical course of a rare case of secondary plasma cell leukemia in a patient from the time of initial diagnosis of multiple myeloma, its remission period of about 5 years, and its final progression into refractory secondary plasma cell leukemia. This case report details the patient's presenting symptoms, pertinent laboratory and diagnostic imaging findings, and histopathology of peripheral blood and bone marrow. This case report presents a chronological comparison of key laboratory findings that manifest the progression of multiple myeloma into secondary plasma cell leukemia. It also offers a brief review of the literature for the diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell leukemia.
描述 浆细胞白血病是一种罕见的侵袭性多发性骨髓瘤形式，外周血中存在循环浆细胞。浆细胞白血病有原发性和继发性两种类型，这取决于之前是否有多发性骨髓瘤的证据。浆细胞白血病的诊断标准基于外周循环中浆细胞的百分比（>20%）或绝对数量（≥2×10⁹/L）。我们介绍了一名患者继发性浆细胞白血病的罕见病例的临床病程，从最初诊断多发性骨髓瘤开始，其缓解期约为5年，最终进展为难治性继发性浆细胞白血病。本病例报告详细描述了患者的症状、相关实验室检查和诊断影像学结果，以及外周血和骨髓的组织病理学。本病例报告按时间顺序比较了关键实验室检查结果，这些结果表明了多发性骨髓瘤向继发性浆细胞白血病的进展。它还简要回顾了浆细胞白血病诊断和治疗的文献。
