识别约旦境内叙利亚青少年难民的心理社会问题、需求及应对机制。
Identifying psychosocial problems, needs, and coping mechanisms of adolescent Syrian refugees in Jordan.
作者信息
Al-Shatanawi Tariq N, Khader Yousef, ALSalamat Husam, Al Hadid Lourance, Jarboua Alaa, Amarneh Basil, Alkouri Osama, Alfaqih Mahmoud A, Alrabadi Nasr
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan.
Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
出版信息
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jun 22;14:1184098. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1184098. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Refugees who have fled war zones are at a heightened risk of psychosocial problems that can impact their ability to function in day-to-day life and place a significant burden on the family structure. This study aimed to assess the psychosocial problems and needs and coping mechanisms of Adolescent Syrian refugees in Jordan.
METHODS
Between October and December 2018, we conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with a sample of key and individual informants. Our sample included 20 primary healthcare professionals, 20 schoolteachers, 20 Syrian parents, and 20 adolescents aged 12-17 years. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, and we utilized thematic analysis to group, categorize, and analyze the original Arabic language transcripts. To ensure thorough analysis, we adopted a bottom-up inductive approach that covered the six-phase iterative process proposed by Braun and Clarke.
RESULTS
The main psychosocial problems encountered by Syrian adolescents included stress, depression, loneliness, lack of a sense of security, isolation, aggressiveness, fear of war, and family disintegration. Almost all schoolteachers reported that they observed that Jordanian adolescents are more settled, self-confident, and financially stable relative to their Syrian peers. The Jordanian government and community were praised for their support, including education, recreational centers, health services, and awareness campaigns. Going to school, praying and reading the Holy Quran, listening to music, and talking to friends and engaging with them were reported as the main coping mechanisms. The majority of respondents said that more services are still needed for adolescents, including more places for entertainment, psychosocial support and psychological counseling, medical care, job creation, and providing health insurance.
CONCLUSION
Syrian refugees are aware of the psychological aspects of their situation, but they are not always able to access clinic-based humanitarian assistance for mental health and psychosocial support. Stakeholders must interact with refugees to learn about their needs and develop services that are appropriate for their culture.
背景
逃离战区的难民面临更高的心理社会问题风险，这些问题会影响他们的日常生活功能，并给家庭结构带来沉重负担。本研究旨在评估约旦青少年叙利亚难民的心理社会问题、需求及应对机制。
方法
2018年10月至12月期间，我们进行了一项定性研究，采用半结构化访谈的方式，访谈了关键信息提供者和个体信息提供者样本。我们的样本包括20名初级医疗保健专业人员、20名学校教师、20名叙利亚家长以及20名年龄在12至17岁的青少年。所有访谈均逐字记录，我们运用主题分析法对原始阿拉伯语记录进行分组、分类和分析。为确保全面分析，我们采用了自下而上的归纳法，涵盖了布劳恩和克拉克提出的六阶段迭代过程。
结果
叙利亚青少年面临的主要心理社会问题包括压力、抑郁、孤独、缺乏安全感、孤立、攻击性、对战争的恐惧以及家庭解体。几乎所有学校教师都表示，他们观察到约旦青少年相对于叙利亚同龄人更安定、自信且经济稳定。约旦政府和社区因其提供的支持而受到赞扬，包括教育、娱乐中心、医疗服务和宣传活动。上学、祈祷和诵读《古兰经》、听音乐以及与朋友交谈和互动被报告为主要的应对机制。大多数受访者表示，青少年仍需要更多服务，包括更多娱乐场所、心理社会支持和心理咨询、医疗护理、创造就业机会以及提供医疗保险。
结论
叙利亚难民意识到自身处境的心理层面，但他们并不总能获得基于诊所的心理健康和心理社会支持的人道主义援助。利益相关者必须与难民互动，了解他们的需求，并开发适合其文化的服务。
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