Tadros Odate K, Arabiyat Shereen, Jaber Deema, Elayyan Mustafa, Alawwa Rewa, ALSalamat Husam
Department of Health Allied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, JOR.
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, JOR.
Cureus. 2023 Aug 23;15(8):e44013. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44013. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Loneliness is characterized by a sense of melancholy, emptiness, and despair, as well as a higher risk of both psychological and physical problems. Numerous post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sequela, both physically and mentally, have been caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic that has affected many people. Memory issues and loneliness were found to be uniquely correlated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the COVID-19 epidemic affected the levels of loneliness among Jordanian university students.
This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Google Forms were used for data collection, utilizing a three-item loneliness scale developed by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States, which accounts for the following items: (1) how often does the participant feel about lacking companionship, (2) how often does the participant feel being left out, and (3) how often does the participant feel isolated from others. Each item was marked for three frequency levels of experience: (1) hardly ever, (2) some of the time, and (3) often. Responses to the three loneliness questions were graded on a scale of 3-9, with scores between 3 and 5 indicating "not lonely" and scores between 6 and 9 indicating "lonely."
The study included 802 participating students. Specifically, 75.4% of the participants were females, 58% were aged 20-25, and 39% were 17-19. In addition, 37% were from the capital city, while 28% lived in the middle area. Seventy nine percent were from public universities, and 74% were studying in their second year. According to UCLA's three-item loneliness scale, 411 (51.2%) participants were lonely, while 391 (48.8%) participants were not feeling lonely. According to direct question answers, 576 (71.8%) participants were lonely, and 226 (28.2%) were not lonely.
The study concluded that the frequency of loneliness was high among Jordanian university students. However, both genders experienced equal levels of loneliness, while younger participants felt more lonely than older ones.
孤独的特征是忧郁、空虚和绝望感，以及出现心理和身体问题的风险更高。全球新冠疫情影响了许多人，导致了大量2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）后遗症，包括身体和心理方面。研究发现记忆问题与孤独感存在独特关联。本研究的目的是评估COVID-19疫情如何影响约旦大学生的孤独程度。
这是一项基于问卷调查的横断面研究。使用谷歌表单进行数据收集，采用美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）编制的三项孤独感量表，该量表包含以下项目：（1）参与者感到缺乏陪伴的频率如何，（2）参与者感到被冷落的频率如何，（3）参与者感到与他人隔绝的频率如何。每个项目针对三种经历频率水平进行标记：（1）几乎从不，（2）有时，（3）经常。对三个孤独问题的回答按3至9分进行评分，3至5分表示“不孤独”，6至9分表示“孤独”。
该研究纳入了802名参与学生。具体而言，75.4%的参与者为女性，58%的年龄在20至25岁之间，39%的年龄在17至19岁之间。此外，37%来自首都城市，28%居住在中部地区。79%来自公立大学，74%为二年级学生。根据UCLA的三项孤独感量表，411名（51.2%）参与者感到孤独，而391名（48.8%）参与者没有感到孤独。根据直接问题的回答，576名（71.8%）参与者感到孤独，226名（28.2%）没有感到孤独。
该研究得出结论，约旦大学生中孤独的频率较高。然而，男女的孤独程度相当，而年轻参与者比年长参与者感到更孤独。
