Center for Research in NanoEngineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 22;23(10):4982. doi: 10.3390/s23104982.
Despite playing a central role in antenna design, aperture efficiency is often disregarded. Consequently, the present study shows that maximizing the aperture efficiency reduces the required number of radiating elements, which leads to cheaper antennas with more directivity. For this, it is considered that the boundary of the antenna aperture has to be inversely proportional to the half-power beamwidth of the desired footprint for each ϕ-cut. As an example of application, it has been considered the rectangular footprint, for which a mathematical expression was deduced to calculate the aperture efficiency in terms of the beamwidth, synthesizing a rectangular footprint of a 2:1 aspect ratio by starting from a pure real flat-topped beam pattern. In addition, a more realistic pattern was studied, the asymmetric coverage defined by the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization, including the numerical computation of the contour of the resulting antenna and its aperture efficiency.
尽管孔径效率在天线设计中起着核心作用，但它经常被忽视。因此，本研究表明，最大程度地提高孔径效率可以减少所需的辐射元件数量，从而使天线更便宜，方向性更强。为此，考虑到天线孔径的边界必须与每个ϕ 切割的期望足迹的半功率波束宽度成反比。作为应用的一个例子，考虑了矩形足迹，为此推导出了一个数学表达式，根据波束宽度来计算孔径效率，通过从纯实平顶光束模式开始，合成了一个 2:1 纵横比的矩形足迹。此外，还研究了一种更现实的模式，即欧洲通信卫星组织定义的非对称覆盖范围，包括对所得到的天线及其孔径效率的轮廓的数值计算。
