Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus Nord, Denmark.
Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus Nord, Denmark.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 25;15(9):2063. doi: 10.3390/nu15092063.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing, and the origins of obesity and metabolic dysfunction may be traced back to fetal life. Currently, overweight pregnant women are advised to substitute sugar-sweetened beverages with diet drinks containing artificial sweeteners. Recent evidence suggests that the consumption of artificial sweeteners during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity in the child, but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized the transportation of artificial sweeteners across the placenta into the fetal circulation and the amniotic fluid. We included 19 pregnant women who were given an oral dose of acesulfame, cyclamate, saccharin, and sucralose immediately before a planned caesarean section. Nine women were included as controls, and they refrained from an intake of artificial sweeteners. The maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid were collected during the caesarean section, and concentrations of artificial sweeteners were measured using mass spectrometry. We found a linear relationship between the fetal plasma concentrations of artificial sweeteners and the maternal plasma concentrations, with adjusted coefficients of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.28-0.70) for acesulfame, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.48-0.95) for cyclamate, 0.51 (95% CI: 0.38-0.67) for saccharin, and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.33-0.55) for sucralose. We found no linear relationship between amniotic fluid and fetal plasma concentrations, but there were positive ratios for all four sweeteners. In conclusion, the four sweeteners investigated all crossed the placenta and were present in the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid.
肥胖症的患病率正在上升，而肥胖症和代谢功能障碍的起源可能可以追溯到胎儿期。目前，超重孕妇被建议用含有人工甜味剂的无糖饮料代替含糖饮料。最近的证据表明，怀孕期间摄入人工甜味剂会增加孩子肥胖的风险，但具体机制尚不清楚。我们假设人工甜味剂通过胎盘转运到胎儿循环和羊水。我们纳入了 19 名孕妇，她们在计划行剖宫产术之前立即口服了乙酰磺胺酸钾、环己烷氨基磺酸钠、糖精和三氯蔗糖。其中 9 名孕妇作为对照组，她们避免摄入人工甜味剂。在剖宫产过程中采集了母亲和胎儿的血液和羊水，并使用质谱法测量了人工甜味剂的浓度。我们发现人工甜味剂在胎儿血浆中的浓度与母亲血浆中的浓度之间存在线性关系，乙酰磺胺酸钾的调整系数为 0.49（95%CI：0.28-0.70），环己烷氨基磺酸钠为 0.72（95%CI：0.48-0.95），糖精为 0.51（95%CI：0.38-0.67），三氯蔗糖为 0.44（95%CI：0.33-0.55）。我们没有发现羊水和胎儿血浆浓度之间存在线性关系，但所有四种甜味剂的比值均为阳性。总之，研究的四种甜味剂均穿过胎盘，并存在于胎儿循环和羊水中。
