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使用负性图片诱导产生情绪性负性未信记忆。

Inducing emotionally negative nonbelieved memories using negative pictures.

机构信息

Faculty of Law and Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan;52(1):41-56. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01441-3. Epub 2023 Jul 11.

Abstract

Memories that can be recalled but are no longer believed are termed nonbelieved memories. The current studies examined the creation of emotionally negative nonbelieved memories after viewing negatively valenced pictures. In both experiments, participants took part in two sessions. In Session 1, after being presented with a set of neutral and negative pictures, participants had to rate their emotional state. One week later, in Session 2, participants had to complete a recognition task to identify pictures that had appeared during the previous session. During this task, participants' memories for some pictures were challenged by telling them that their answers were incorrect in order to evoke nonbelieved memories. The experimental procedure was successful in creating nonbelieved memories in the participants. Specifically, in Experiment 1 (N = 35), we induced nonbelieved true memories for both negative and neutral pictures. We found a significant decrease in both belief and recollection after the challenge, with the change in belief being twice as large as the change in recollection. In Experiment 2 (N = 43), we successfully induced both nonbelieved true and false memories for negative pictures. Again, the reduction of belief was significantly greater than that of recollection. In general, participants evinced better memory for negative pictures, but following challenges people were just as likely to accept false social feedback and change their memories regarding other types of pictures. In both experiments, our challenges did not lead to notable changes in emotional state. In general, our findings show that emotionally negative nonbelieved memories can be successfully evoked in an experimental setting.

摘要

可以回忆但不再相信的记忆被称为非置信记忆。当前的研究考察了在观看负面评价的图片后产生情绪消极的非置信记忆的情况。在两个实验中,参与者都参加了两个阶段。在第一阶段,参与者观看了一组中性和负面图片后,必须对自己的情绪状态进行评级。一周后,在第二阶段,参与者必须完成一项识别任务,以识别之前在会议期间出现的图片。在这个任务中,通过告诉参与者他们的答案是错误的来挑战他们对某些图片的记忆,从而唤起非置信记忆。实验程序成功地在参与者中产生了非置信记忆。具体来说,在实验 1(N=35)中,我们对负面和中性图片都产生了非置信的真实记忆。我们发现,在受到挑战后,信念和回忆都显著下降,信念的变化是回忆变化的两倍。在实验 2(N=43)中,我们成功地对负面图片产生了非置信的真实和虚假记忆。同样,信念的减少明显大于回忆的减少。总的来说,参与者对负面图片的记忆更好,但在受到挑战后,他们同样可能接受虚假的社会反馈,并改变他们对其他类型图片的记忆。在两个实验中,我们的挑战并没有导致情绪状态的显著变化。总的来说,我们的发现表明,在实验环境中可以成功地唤起情绪消极的非置信记忆。

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