Ellgring H
Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1986;236(1):31-4. doi: 10.1007/BF00641055.
Nonverbal behavior, especially facial expression, appears as one of the most important means for communicating affective states. Studies on groups of psychiatric patients and control subjects are reported in which nonverbal behavior is analyzed from videotaped dialogues. Using a quantitative approach, results on facial behavior, speech, and gaze are described, which shed light on the expressive and communicative functions of nonverbal behavior. From longitudinal observations on depressed patients it emerged that individual-specific associations have to be taken into account for the relationship between expressive behavior and mood changes. The predominance of facial behavior in the speaker role of an individual found in patients and control groups points to the integrated communicative function of the verbal and nonverbal elements. However, recovered schizophrenic patients exhibited a dissociation of these elements. Implications for our understanding of nonverbal communications are discussed.
非言语行为，尤其是面部表情，似乎是传达情感状态的最重要方式之一。本文报告了对精神病患者组和对照组的研究，其中从录像对话中分析了非言语行为。采用定量方法，描述了面部行为、言语和注视方面的结果，这些结果揭示了非言语行为的表达和交际功能。从对抑郁症患者的纵向观察中发现，在表达行为与情绪变化之间的关系中，必须考虑个体特异性关联。在患者组和对照组中发现，个体在说话者角色中面部行为占主导地位，这表明言语和非言语元素具有综合的交际功能。然而，康复的精神分裂症患者表现出这些元素的分离。本文还讨论了这些结果对我们理解非言语交流的意义。
