Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, Messina, 98158, Italy.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, Catania, 95123, Italy.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2023 Oct;12(25):e2300512. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202300512. Epub 2023 Jul 25.
The pandemic outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus brought a crucial issue in public health causing up to now more than 600 million infected people and 6.5 million deaths. Conventional diagnostic methods are based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR assay) and immuno-detection (ELISA assay). However, despite these techniques have the advantages of being standardized and consolidated, they keep some main limitations in terms of accuracy (immunoassays), time/cost consumption of analysis, the need for qualified personnel, and lab constrain (molecular assays). There is crucial the need to develop new diagnostic approaches for accurate, fast and portable viral detection and quantification. Among these, PCR-free biosensors represent the most appealing solution since they can allow molecular detection without the complexity of the PCR. This will enable the possibility to be integrated in portable and low-cost systems for massive and decentralized screening of SARS-CoV-2 in a point-of-care (PoC) format, pointing to achieve a performant identification and control of infection. In this review, the most recent approaches for the SARS-CoV-2 PCR-free detection are reported, describing both the instrumental and methodological features, and highlighting their suitability for a PoC application.
由 SARS-CoV-2 冠状病毒引起的大流行疫情给公共卫生带来了一个至关重要的问题，截至目前，已有超过 6 亿人感染，650 万人死亡。传统的诊断方法基于定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR 检测）和免疫检测（ELISA 检测）。然而，尽管这些技术具有标准化和巩固的优势，但它们在准确性（免疫检测）、分析的时间/成本消耗、对合格人员的需求以及实验室限制（分子检测）方面仍存在一些主要限制。因此，迫切需要开发新的诊断方法，以实现准确、快速和便携式的病毒检测和定量。在这些方法中，无 PCR 生物传感器是最具吸引力的解决方案，因为它们可以在不增加 PCR 复杂性的情况下实现分子检测。这将使我们有可能将其集成到便携式和低成本系统中，以便在现场进行 SARS-CoV-2 的大规模和分散筛查，从而实现对感染的有效识别和控制。在本文综述中，报道了 SARS-CoV-2 无 PCR 检测的最新方法，描述了仪器和方法学特点，并强调了它们在 POCT 应用中的适用性。
