Ponnimbaduge Perera Pavani, Perez Guerra David, Riddle Misty R
Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA; email:
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Oct 16;39:23-44. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-012023-014003. Epub 2023 Jul 12.
Our understanding of cell and developmental biology has been greatly aided by a focus on a small number of model organisms. However, we are now in an era where techniques to investigate gene function can be applied across phyla, allowing scientists to explore the diversity and flexibility of developmental mechanisms and gain a deeper understanding of life. Researchers comparing the eyeless cave-adapted Mexican tetra, , with its river-dwelling counterpart are revealing how the development of the eyes, pigment, brain, cranium, blood, and digestive system evolves as animals adapt to new environments. Breakthroughs in our understanding of the genetic and developmental basis of regressive and constructive trait evolution have come from research. They include understanding the types of mutations that alter traits, which cellular and developmental processes they affect, and how they lead to pleiotropy. We review recent progress in the field and highlight areas for future investigations that include evolution of sex differentiation, neural crest development, and metabolic regulation of embryogenesis.
对少数模式生物的关注极大地促进了我们对细胞和发育生物学的理解。然而，我们现在所处的时代，研究基因功能的技术可以跨门应用，这使科学家能够探索发育机制的多样性和灵活性，并更深入地了解生命。将适应洞穴生活、眼睛退化的墨西哥丽脂鲤与其生活在河流中的同类进行比较的研究人员，正在揭示随着动物适应新环境，眼睛、色素、大脑、颅骨、血液和消化系统的发育是如何演变的。我们对退化和建设性性状进化的遗传和发育基础的理解取得的突破来自[具体研究]。这些突破包括了解改变性状的突变类型、它们影响哪些细胞和发育过程，以及它们如何导致多效性。我们回顾了该领域的最新进展，并强调了未来研究的领域，包括性别分化的进化、神经嵴发育和胚胎发生的代谢调节。
