Center for Empirical Studies in Economics - FGV CEEE, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Praia de Botafogo 190, Rio de Janeiro, 22250-145, Brazil.
Center for Empirical Studies in Economics - FGV CEEE, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Praia de Botafogo 190, Rio de Janeiro, 22250-145, Brazil; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 2023 Aug;331:116053. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116053. Epub 2023 Jul 1.
Domestic violence calls to helplines surged worldwide immediately after COVID-19 lockdowns, but crime reporting, assaults, or homicides did not consistently rise. Using Brazilian data from health services and helplines, we analyze the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on domestic violence calls and assaults (health reports and hospitalizations). We use a difference-in-difference model to compare the evolution of domestic violence against women in municipalities that enacted the quarantine in March 2020 versus those that never did. Then, we estimate the difference in the quarantine effect between municipalities with and without protective services for women. Domestic violence calls increased by 11.8% in the first quarter of the quarantine, while health reports reduced by 12.6% a quarter later. These effects came from municipalities with protective services for women, where female hospitalizations due to assault decreased as well. In contrast, municipalities without such services saw a decrease in domestic violence calls and an increase in health reports in the first quarter. The supply of protective services for women could be a factor that explains why COVID-19-induced quarantine effects on domestic violence varied across populations. Our results suggest that when domestic violence calls increased, protective services actions prevented domestic violence from escalating into more severe cases, such as assaults.
在 COVID-19 封锁后，全球范围内的家庭暴力求助热线立即出现了激增，但犯罪报告、袭击或杀人事件并没有持续上升。我们利用巴西卫生服务和求助热线的数据，分析了 COVID-19 隔离对家庭暴力求助电话和袭击（健康报告和住院）的影响。我们使用双重差分模型比较了在 2020 年 3 月实施隔离的城市和从未实施隔离的城市中针对妇女的家庭暴力的演变情况。然后，我们估计了有和没有妇女保护服务的城市之间隔离效果的差异。在隔离的第一个季度，家庭暴力求助电话增加了 11.8%，而一个季度后，健康报告则减少了 12.6%。这些影响来自有妇女保护服务的城市，在这些城市中，由于袭击导致的女性住院人数也有所下降。相比之下，没有此类服务的城市在隔离的第一个季度中，家庭暴力求助电话减少，健康报告增加。妇女保护服务的供应可能是一个解释为什么 COVID-19 引发的隔离对家庭暴力的影响在不同人群中存在差异的因素。我们的研究结果表明，当家庭暴力求助电话增加时，保护服务的行动可以防止家庭暴力升级为更严重的案件，如袭击。
