Ratiometric SERS aptasensing for simultaneous quantitative detection of histamine and tyramine in fishes.

Herein, a SiO@Ag NPs core/shell nanoparticles were synthesized to fabricate a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor for the simultaneous determination of histamine (HIS) and tyramine (TYR) based on specific aptamer recognition and ratiometric strategy. SiO@Ag NPs with 4-thiosaminophenol (4-ATP) and Nile blue A (NBA) molecules were used as an internal standard (IS) and labeled with aptamers corresponding to HIS and TYR, respectively. Raman reporter molecules ROX and Cy5 labeled complementary DNA (cDNA) were then hybridized with aptamers to form rigid double-stranded DNA. After the HIS and TYR were captured by their aptamers, resulting in the dissociation of cDNA and separated from the SERS substrate. Therefore, the SERS signal intensity at 1503 cm of ROX and 1358 cm of Cy5 tagged on the terminal of cDNA decreased with the concentration of HIS and TYR increasing, while the SERS signal intensity at 1079 cm of 4-APT and 592 cm of NBA on the substrate remain stable. Thus, the concentrations of HIS and TYR can be determined by the I/I and I/I values, respectively. This sensing strategy achieves a lower detection limit of 0.2 ng/mL for HIS and 0.05 ng/mL for TYR, respectively, demonstrating promising applications in sensitive detection of BAs in animal-derived foodstuff.