Progress in optical sensors-based uric acid detection.

The escalating number of patients affected by various diseases, such as gout, attributed to abnormal uric acid (UA) concentrations in body fluids, has underscored the need for rapid, efficient, highly sensitive, and stable UA detection methods and sensors. Optical sensors have garnered significant attention due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Notably, research efforts have been directed towards UA on-site detection, enabling daily monitoring at home and facilitating rapid disease screening in the community. This review aims to systematically categorize and provide detailed descriptions of the notable achievements and emerging technologies in UA optical sensors over the past five years. The review highlights the advantages of each sensor while also identifying their limitations in on-site applications. Furthermore, recent progress in instrumentation and the application of UA on-site detection in body fluids is discussed, along with the existing challenges and prospects for future development. The review serves as an informative resource, offering technical insights and promising directions for future research in the design and application of on-site optical sensors for UA detection.