College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Harbin 150086, China.
Plant Dis. 2024 Feb;108(2):348-358. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-04-23-0825-RE. Epub 2024 Feb 8.
Stalk rot is one of the most destructive and widely distributed diseases in maize plants worldwide. Research on the performance and resistance mechanisms of maize against stem rot is constantly improving. In this study, among 120 inbred maize lines infected by using the injection method, 4 lines (3.33%) were highly resistant to stalk rot, 28 lines (23.33%) were resistant, 57 lines (47.50%) were susceptible, and 31 lines (25.84%) were highly susceptible. The inbred lines 18N10118 and 18N10370 were the most resistant and susceptible with disease indices of 7.5 and 75.6, respectively. Treatment of resistant and susceptible maize inbred seedlings with showed that root hair growth of the susceptible inbred lines was significantly inhibited, and a large number of hyphae attached and adsorbed multiple conidia near the root system. However, the resistant inbred lines were delayed and inconspicuous, with only a few hyphae and spores appearing near the root system. Compared with susceptible inbred lines, resistant maize inbred line seedlings treated with exhibited elevated activities of catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase. We identified 153 genes related to disease resistance by transcriptome analysis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and peroxisome pathways mainly regulated the resistance mechanism of maize inbred lines to infection. These two pathways might play an important role in the disease resistance mechanism, and the function of genes in the two pathways must be further studied, which might provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular resistance mechanism of stalk rot and resistance gene mining.
茎腐病是世界范围内玉米植株最具破坏性和分布最广泛的疾病之一。对玉米抗茎腐病的表现和抗性机制的研究不断改进。在本研究中，使用注射法感染的 120 个自交系玉米品系中，有 4 个品系（3.33%）对茎腐病高度抗性，28 个品系（23.33%）抗性，57 个品系（47.50%）易感性，31 个品系（25.84%）高度易感性。自交系 18N10118 和 18N10370 是最抗性和最敏感的，其病情指数分别为 7.5 和 75.6。用 处理抗性和敏感玉米自交系幼苗，结果表明，敏感自交系的根毛生长受到显著抑制，大量菌丝附着并吸附在根系附近的多个分生孢子。然而，抗性自交系延迟且不明显，仅在根系附近出现少量菌丝和孢子。与敏感自交系相比，用 处理的抗性玉米自交系幼苗的过氧化氢酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性升高。通过转录组分析鉴定了 153 个与抗病性相关的基因。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号转导和过氧化物酶体途径主要调节玉米自交系对 感染的抗性机制。这两个途径可能在玉米对茎腐病的抗性机制中发挥重要作用，并且必须进一步研究这两个途径中基因的功能，这可能为进一步理解茎腐病的分子抗性机制和抗性基因挖掘提供理论依据。
