Liu Tianxu, Gao Chenxi, Long Shenfei, Wang Qianqian, He Tengfei, Wu Zhenlong, Chen Zhaohui
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jun 23;13(13):2073. doi: 10.3390/ani13132073.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heated water intake on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and ruminal fermentation function of yak calves in winter. A total of 24 yaks (59.09 ± 3.181 kg) were randomly selected and divided into a cold water (fluctuated with the temperature of test sites at 0-10 °C) group (CW) (58.58 ± 3.592 kg) and a heated water (20 °C) group (HW) (59.61 ± 2.772 kg). After 2 months of the experiment, body weight, serum biochemical indexes, ruminal fermentation characteristics and ATTD were measured. The results showed that drinking heated water increased ( < 0.05) the total weight gain and average daily gain of yaks compared with those drinking cold water. Heated water increased ( < 0.05) the levels of immune globulin M, interleukin-6, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine and growth hormone compared with cold water. In addition, yaks drinking heated water showed higher ( < 0.05) ATTD of crude protein and ether extract, as well as increased ( < 0.05) content of total protein, albumin and urea nitrogen in serum than those drinking cold water. Compared with cold water, heated water showed increased ( < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and propionic acid, and a reduced ( < 0.05) acetic acid to propionic acid ratio ( < 0.05). In conclusion, drinking heated water at 20 °C could improve performance via increasing nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation function in yak calves.
本研究旨在探讨冬季给牦牛犊牛饮用热水对其生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）及瘤胃发酵功能的影响。共随机选取24头牦牛（体重59.09±3.181千克），分为冷水组（水温随试验场地温度在0 - 10℃波动）（CW）（58.58±3.592千克）和热水组（20℃）（HW）（59.61±2.772千克）。试验2个月后，测定体重、血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵特性及ATTD。结果表明，与饮用冷水的牦牛相比，饮用热水可提高（<0.05）牦牛的总增重和平均日增重。与冷水相比，热水可提高（<0.05）免疫球蛋白M、白细胞介素 - 6、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺素和生长激素水平。此外，饮用热水的牦牛粗蛋白和乙醚提取物的ATTD更高（<0.05），血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和尿素氮含量也高于饮用冷水的牦牛（<0.05）。与冷水相比，热水使总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丙酸增加（<0.05），乙酸与丙酸的比例降低（<0.05）。总之，饮用20℃的热水可通过提高牦牛犊牛的养分消化率和瘤胃发酵功能来改善其性能。
