Howaniec Natalia, Zdeb Janusz, Gogola Krzysztof, Smoliński Adam
Department of Energy Saving and Air Protection, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Research, Technologies and Development, TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A., ul. Promienna 51, 43-603 Jaworzno, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Jun 25;16(13):4572. doi: 10.3390/ma16134572.
The utilization of carbon dioxide and combustion products in cost- and energy-efficient technologies is an important element of creating sustainable energy systems, particularly in the transition period towards carbon neutrality and in light of the latest political developments, when solid fuels are still competing for a dominant role in securing energy supplies. Within the study presented, bituminous coal-derived fluidized bed fly ash samples of high calcium content, treated using a dry carbonation method under ambient conditions, were tested in terms of their specific properties to determine their usability in the preparation of injection mixtures for the filling of voids after shallow mining activities and other selected geo-engineering techniques. The study goes beyond the existing literature in terms of the carbonation method used, alkaline earth metal source, scale of the experiment, process conditions employed and product application studied. The results showed that the bituminous coal-derived fluidized bed fly ash, carbonated using the direct method adopted, may be successfully employed as the main solid component (over 82% /) of the injection mixtures for filling voids after shallow mining activities. The achievable compressive strength of a few MPa makes these materials applicable also in terms of ground strengthening in case it is required in light of the expected land development options to be employed. All principal materials used in the injection mixtures developed (carbonated fluidized bed fly ash, carbon dioxide, bottom ash) are industrial waste, and the carbonation method employed is simple and performed under ambient conditions, which reduces the required energy and cost input of filling mixture production, avoids the surface waste storage requirements, and contributes to the development of low energy-intensive carbon dioxide utilization and solid waste valorization methods.
在具有成本效益和能源效率的技术中利用二氧化碳和燃烧产物是创建可持续能源系统的重要组成部分，特别是在向碳中和过渡的时期，以及鉴于最新的政治发展情况，此时固体燃料仍在争夺确保能源供应的主导地位。在所开展的研究中，对高钙含量的烟煤衍生流化床飞灰样品在环境条件下采用干碳化法进行处理，针对其特定性能进行测试，以确定其在制备用于浅部采矿活动及其他选定地质工程技术后填充空隙的注入混合物中的可用性。该研究在所用碳化方法、碱土金属来源、实验规模、采用的工艺条件以及所研究的产品应用方面均超越了现有文献。结果表明，采用所采用的直接法碳化的烟煤衍生流化床飞灰可成功用作浅部采矿活动后填充空隙的注入混合物的主要固体成分（超过82%）。几兆帕的可实现抗压强度使得这些材料在根据预期的土地开发选项需要进行地面加固时也适用。所开发的注入混合物中使用的所有主要材料（碳化流化床飞灰、二氧化碳、底灰）均为工业废料，且所采用的碳化方法简单，在环境条件下进行，这降低了填充混合物生产所需的能源和成本投入，避免了对地表废料储存的需求，并有助于开发低能源密集型二氧化碳利用和固体废物增值方法。
