Memon Halar, Wang Jie, Hou Xianghui
Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Jun 26;16(13):4607. doi: 10.3390/ma16134607.
Ice protection techniques have attracted significant interest, notably in aerospace and wind energy applications. However, the current solutions are mostly costly and inconvenient due to energy-intensive and environmental concerns. One of the appealing strategies is the use of passive icephobicity, in the form of coatings, which is induced by means of several material strategies, such as hydrophobicity, surface texturing, surface elasticity, and the physical infusion of ice-depressing liquids, etc. In this review, surface-roughness-related icephobicity is critically discussed to understand the challenges and the role of roughness, especially on superhydrophobic surfaces. Surface roughness as an intrinsic, independent surface property for anti-icing and de-icing performance is also debated, and their interdependence is explained using the related physical mechanisms and thermodynamics of ice nucleation. Furthermore, the role of surface roughness in the case of elastomeric or low-modulus polymeric coatings, which typically instigate an easy release of ice, is examined. In addition to material-centric approaches, the influence of surface roughness in de-icing evaluation is also explored, and a comparative assessment is conducted to understand the testing sensitivity to various surface characteristics. This review exemplifies that surface roughness plays a crucial role in incorporating and maintaining icephobic performance and is intrinsically interlinked with other surface-induced icephobicity strategies, including superhydrophobicity and elastomeric surfaces. Furthermore, the de-icing evaluation methods also appear to be roughness sensitive in a certain range, indicating a dominant role of mechanically interlocked ice.
冰防护技术已引起了广泛关注，尤其是在航空航天和风能应用领域。然而，由于能源密集和环境问题，目前的解决方案大多成本高昂且不便。一种具有吸引力的策略是采用以涂层形式存在的被动憎冰性，这是通过多种材料策略实现的，如疏水性、表面纹理化、表面弹性以及注入抑冰液体等。在本综述中，对与表面粗糙度相关的憎冰性进行了批判性讨论，以了解粗糙度所带来的挑战及其作用，特别是在超疏水表面上的情况。表面粗糙度作为一种用于防冰和除冰性能的固有、独立表面特性也受到了争论，并利用冰核形成的相关物理机制和热力学原理来解释它们之间的相互依存关系。此外，还研究了表面粗糙度在弹性体或低模量聚合物涂层（通常能促使冰易于脱落）情况下的作用。除了以材料为中心的方法外，还探讨了表面粗糙度在除冰评估中的影响，并进行了比较评估，以了解测试对各种表面特性的敏感性。本综述表明，表面粗糙度在赋予和维持憎冰性能方面起着关键作用，并且与其他表面诱导的憎冰性策略（包括超疏水表面和弹性体表面）存在内在联系。此外，除冰评估方法在一定范围内似乎也对粗糙度敏感，这表明机械联锁冰起主导作用。
