Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, College of Animal Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 25;24(13):10618. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310618.
Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles (EVs) predominantly present in bodily fluids, participate in various physiological processes. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation mechanism, eliminates proteins and damaged organelles by forming double-membrane autophagosomes. These autophagosomes subsequently merge with lysosomes for target degradation. The interaction between autophagy and endosomal/exosomal pathways can occur at different stages, exerting significant influences on normal physiology and human diseases. The interplay between exosomes and the autophagy pathway is intricate. Exosomes exhibit a cytoprotective role by inducing intracellular autophagy, while autophagy modulates the biogenesis and degradation of exosomes. Research indicates that exosomes and autophagy contribute to the infection process of numerous enveloped viruses. Enveloped viruses, comprising viral nucleic acid, proteins, or virions, can be encapsulated within exosomes and transferred between cells via exosomal transport. Consequently, exosomes play a crucial role in the infection of certain viral diseases. This review presents recent findings on the interplay between exosomes and autophagy, as well as their implications in the infection of enveloped viruses, thereby offering valuable insights into the pathogenesis and vaccine research of enveloped virus infection.
外泌体是细胞外囊泡（EVs）的主要形式，广泛存在于体液中，参与多种生理过程。自噬是一种细胞内降解机制，通过形成双层膜自噬体来清除蛋白质和受损的细胞器。这些自噬体随后与溶酶体融合进行靶向降解。自噬和内体/外泌体途径之间的相互作用可以发生在不同的阶段，对正常生理和人类疾病产生重要影响。外泌体和自噬途径之间的相互作用非常复杂。外泌体通过诱导细胞内自噬发挥细胞保护作用，而自噬调节外泌体的生物发生和降解。研究表明，外泌体和自噬参与了许多包膜病毒的感染过程。包膜病毒由病毒核酸、蛋白质或病毒粒子组成，可以被包裹在囊泡中，并通过囊泡运输在细胞间转移。因此，外泌体在某些病毒性疾病的感染中发挥着重要作用。本综述介绍了外泌体和自噬之间相互作用的最新研究进展，以及它们在包膜病毒感染中的意义，为包膜病毒感染的发病机制和疫苗研究提供了有价值的见解。
