Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58# 55-66, Atlántico, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
Molecules. 2023 Jul 5;28(13):5232. doi: 10.3390/molecules28135232.
This study explores the potential of the corozo fruit () palm tree in the Colombian Caribbean as a source for porous carbon material. Its specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size were obtained using N adsorption/desorption isotherms. The images of the precursor and adsorbent surface were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained to detect the main functional groups present and an X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed in order to analyze the structural organization of the materials. By carbonizing the fruit stone with zinc chloride, a porous carbon material was achieved with a substantial specific surface area (1125 m g⁻) and pore volume (3.241 × 10- cm g⁻). The material was tested for its adsorption capabilities of the drug propranolol. The optimal adsorption occurred under basic conditions and at a dosage of 0.7 g L⁻. The Langmuir homogeneous surface model effectively described the equilibrium data and, as the temperature increased, the adsorption capacity improved, reaching a maximum of 134.7 mg g⁻ at 328.15 K. The model constant was favorable to the temperature increase, increasing from 1.556 × 10 to 2.299 × 10 L mg. Thermodynamically, the adsorption of propranolol was found to be spontaneous and benefited from higher temperatures, indicating an endothermic nature (12.39 kJ mol⁻). The negative ΔG values decreased from -26.28 to -29.99 kJ mol, with the more negative value occurring at 328 K. The adsorbent material exhibited rapid kinetics, with equilibrium times ranging from 30 to 120 min, depending on the initial concentration. The kinetics data were well-represented by the general order and linear driving force models. The rate constant of the general order model diminished from 1.124 × 10 to 9.458 × 10 with an increasing concentration. In summary, the leftover stone from the plant can be utilized to develop activated carbon, particularly when activated using zinc chloride. This material shows promise for efficiently adsorbing propranolol and potentially other emerging pollutants.
这项研究探索了哥伦比亚加勒比地区可可果（）棕榈树作为多孔碳材料来源的潜力。使用氮气吸附/解吸等温线获得了其比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）获得了前体和吸附剂表面的图像。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱用于检测存在的主要官能团，进行了 X 射线衍射分析（XRD）以分析材料的结构组织。通过用氯化锌碳化果实石，获得了一种具有较大比表面积（1125 m g⁻）和孔体积（3.241 × 10- cm g⁻）的多孔碳材料。该材料被测试了对药物普萘洛尔的吸附能力。最佳吸附发生在碱性条件下，剂量为 0.7 g L⁻。Langmuir 均匀表面模型有效地描述了平衡数据，随着温度的升高，吸附能力提高，在 328.15 K 时达到最大吸附量 134.7 mg g⁻。模型常数有利于温度升高，从 1.556 × 10 增加到 2.299 × 10 L mg。热力学上，发现普萘洛尔的吸附是自发的，并且受益于较高的温度，表明是吸热的（12.39 kJ mol⁻）。负的 ΔG 值从-26.28 降低到-29.99 kJ mol，在 328 K 时出现更负的值。吸附剂材料表现出快速的动力学，平衡时间从 30 到 120 分钟不等，取决于初始浓度。动力学数据很好地由一般顺序和线性驱动力模型表示。一般顺序模型的速率常数从 1.124 × 10 降低到 9.458 × 10，随着浓度的增加而降低。总的来说，植物的剩余石头可以用来开发活性炭，特别是当用氯化锌活化时。这种材料有望有效地吸附普萘洛尔，可能还有其他新兴污染物。
