Gao Yinan, Shao Changxiu, Liu Zhen, Sun Zhigang, Long Buju, Feng Puyu
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 29;12(13):2483. doi: 10.3390/plants12132483.
In order to effectively address the issue of severe soil salinization in the coastal area of the Yellow River Delta, which has led to a significant number of medium and low-yield fields in this region, and to satisfy the rising demand for feed grain in China in recent years, a highly effective solution is to replace conventional crops by cultivating a specialized type of forage grass that can withstand high salinity levels and is well adapted to the local climate. This study proposed a spatial layout scheme for planting salt-tolerant forages, with the aim of providing a foundation for enhancing saline-alkali land and increasing resource utilization efficiency. The results showed that the climate conditions in the Yellow River Delta were suitable for planting sweet sorghum. With respect to soil salt content, the suitable planting regions for sweet sorghum can be classified into four categories: Suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable, with soil salt concentrations of 2.62-5.25‱, 5.25-7.88‱, respectively. Concerning economic benefits, sweet sorghum's input-output ratio (74.4%) surpasses that of cotton in high saline-alkali zones, providing a significant advantage in comparison with traditional crops. In non-saline-alkali and light saline-alkali areas, the traditional winter wheat-summer maize planting system offers higher economic benefits and nitrogen use efficiency, so it is recommended to maintain this system as the dominant agricultural model. In moderately and severe saline-alkali zones, although one-season maize exhibits greater nitrogen efficiency, its economic benefits are lower than those of sweet sorghum. Hence, it is advisable to promote one-season maize in suitable regions and introduce salt-tolerant forage, such as sweet sorghum in other areas. This approach offers novel ideas and methods for crop spatial layout planning and addresses potential feed grain shortages in the region.
为有效解决黄河三角洲沿海地区严重土壤盐碱化问题（该问题导致该地区出现大量中低产田），并满足近年来中国对饲料粮不断增长的需求，一个高效解决方案是通过种植一种能耐受高盐度且适应当地气候的特殊饲草来取代传统作物。本研究提出了耐盐饲草种植的空间布局方案，旨在为改良盐碱地和提高资源利用效率提供基础。结果表明，黄河三角洲的气候条件适合种植甜高粱。就土壤盐分含量而言，甜高粱的适宜种植区域可分为四类：适宜、中度适宜、较不适宜和不适宜，土壤盐分浓度分别为2.62 - 5.25‰、5.25 - 7.88‰。在经济效益方面，甜高粱的投入产出比（74.4%）超过高盐碱区棉花的投入产出比，与传统作物相比具有显著优势。在非盐碱地和轻度盐碱地地区，传统的冬小麦 - 夏玉米种植体系具有更高的经济效益和氮素利用效率，因此建议维持该体系作为主导农业模式。在中度和重度盐碱区，虽然单季玉米表现出更高的氮效率，但其经济效益低于甜高粱。因此，建议在适宜区域推广单季玉米，并在其他区域引入耐盐饲草，如甜高粱。这种方法为作物空间布局规划提供了新的思路和方法，并解决了该地区潜在的饲料粮短缺问题。
