University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
The Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, MI 48909, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 22;23(13):5815. doi: 10.3390/s23135815.
Recent advancements in vehicle automation and driver-assistance systems that detect pavement markings has increased the importance of the detectability of pavement markings through various sensor modalities across weather and road conditions. Among the sensing techniques, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have become popular for vehicle-automation applications. This study used low-cost mobile multi-beam LiDAR to assess the performance of several types of pavement marking materials installed on a limited-access highway in various conditions, and quantified the degradation in detection performance over three years. Four marking materials, HPS-8, polyurea, cold plastic, and sprayable thermoplastic, were analyzed in the current study. LiDAR reflectivity data extracted from a total of 210 passes through the test sections were analyzed. A new detectability score based on LiDAR intensity data was proposed to quantify the marking detectability. The results showed that the pavement marking detectability varied across the material types over the years. The results provide guidance for selecting materials and developing maintenance schedules when marking detectability by LiDAR is a concern.
近年来，车辆自动化和驾驶员辅助系统在检测路面标记方面取得了进展，这使得通过各种传感器模式在天气和道路条件下检测路面标记的可检测性变得尤为重要。在传感技术中，激光雷达（LiDAR）传感器已成为车辆自动化应用的热门选择。本研究使用低成本的移动多光束 LiDAR 评估了在不同条件下安装在有限速公路上的几种路面标记材料的性能，并量化了三年内检测性能的下降。本研究分析了四种标记材料：HPS-8、聚脲、冷塑和喷涂热塑。分析了总共 210 次通过测试路段提取的 LiDAR 反射率数据。提出了一种基于 LiDAR 强度数据的新可检测性评分，以量化标记的可检测性。结果表明，多年来，路面标记的可检测性因材料类型而异。研究结果为选择材料和制定维护计划提供了指导，当 LiDAR 检测标记的可检测性成为关注重点时，这些计划就显得尤为重要。
