Javed Farhan, Khan Zuhaib Ashfaq, Rizwan Shahzad, Shahzadi Sonia, Chaudhry Nauman Riaz, Iqbal Muddesar
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus, Attock 43600, Pakistan.
School of Architecture, Technology, and Engineering (ATE), University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 22;23(13):5817. doi: 10.3390/s23135817.
The roadside unit (RSU) is one of the fundamental components in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where a vehicle communicates in infrastructure mode. The RSU has multiple functions, including the sharing of emergency messages and the updating of vehicles about the traffic situation. Deploying and managing a static RSU (sRSU) requires considerable capital and operating expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX), leading to RSUs that are sparsely distributed, continuous handovers amongst RSUs, and, more importantly, frequent RSU interruptions. At present, researchers remain focused on multiple parameters in the sRSU to improve the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication; however, in this research, the mobile RSU (mRSU), an emerging concept for sixth-generation (6G) edge computing vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), is proposed to improve the connectivity and efficiency of communication among V2I. In addition to this, the mRSU can serve as a computing resource for edge computing applications. This paper proposes a novel energy-efficient reservation technique for edge computing in 6G VANETs that provides an energy-efficient, reservation-based, cost-effective solution by introducing the concept of the mRSU. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the mRSU exhibits superior performance compared to the sRSU in multiple aspects. The mRSU surpasses the sRSU with a packet delivery ratio improvement of 7.7%, a throughput increase of 5.1%, a reduction in end-to-end delay by 4.4%, and a decrease in hop count by 8.7%. The results are generated across diverse propagation models, employing realistic urban scenarios with varying packet sizes and numbers of vehicles. However, it is important to note that the enhanced performance parameters and improved connectivity with more nodes lead to a significant increase in energy consumption by 2%.
路边单元（RSU）是车载自组织网络（VANET）的基本组件之一，在该网络中车辆以基础设施模式进行通信。RSU具有多种功能，包括共享紧急消息以及向车辆更新交通状况。部署和管理静态RSU（sRSU）需要大量的资本和运营支出（资本支出和运营支出），导致RSU分布稀疏、RSU之间频繁进行切换，更重要的是，RSU频繁中断。目前，研究人员仍专注于sRSU中的多个参数以改善车对基础设施（V2I）通信；然而，在本研究中，提出了移动RSU（mRSU）这一用于第六代（6G）边缘计算车载自组织网络（VANET）的新兴概念，以提高V2I之间通信的连通性和效率。除此之外，mRSU可作为边缘计算应用的计算资源。本文提出了一种用于6G VANET中边缘计算的新型节能预留技术，通过引入mRSU的概念提供了一种节能、基于预留且具有成本效益的解决方案。仿真结果表明，mRSU在多个方面表现出优于sRSU的性能。mRSU在数据包交付率提高7.7%、吞吐量增加5.1%、端到端延迟减少4.4%以及跳数减少8.7%方面超过了sRSU。这些结果是在各种传播模型下生成的，采用了具有不同数据包大小和车辆数量的真实城市场景。然而，需要注意的是，性能参数的增强和与更多节点的更好连通性导致能耗显著增加了2%。
