Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
TeCure, Inc., Busan 48548, Republic of Korea.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jun 30;23(13):6069. doi: 10.3390/s23136069.
Temperature sensors, such as Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and thermocouple (TC), have been widely used for monitoring the interstitial tissue temperature during laser irradiation. The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of both FBG and TC in real-time temperature monitoring during endoscopic and circumferential laser treatment on tubular tissue structure. A 600-µm core-diameter diffusing applicator was employed to deliver 980-nm laser light (30 W for 90 s) circumferentially for quantitative evaluation. The tip of the TC was covered with a white tube (W-TC) in order to prevent direct light absorption and to minimize temperature overestimation. The temperature measurements in air demonstrated that the measurement difference in the temperature elevations was around 3.5 °C between FBG and W-TC. Ex vivo porcine liver tests confirmed that the measurement difference became lower (less than 1 °C). Ex vivo porcine esophageal tissue using a balloon-integrated catheter exhibited that both FBG and W-TC consistently showed a comparable trend of temperature measurements during laser irradiation (~2 °C). The current study demonstrated that the white tube-covered TC could be a feasible sensor to monitor interstitial tissue temperature with minimal overestimation during endoscopic laser irradiation. Further in vivo studies on gastroesophageal reflux disease will investigate the performance of the W-TC to monitor the temperature of the esophageal mucosa surface in real-time mode to warrant the safety of endoscopic laser treatment.
温度传感器，如光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）和热电偶（TC），已广泛用于监测激光辐照期间的间质组织温度。本研究的目的是比较 FBG 和 TC 在管状组织结构的内镜和周向激光治疗过程中的实时温度监测中的性能。使用 600-µm 芯径漫射敷贴器传输 980nm 激光（30W 持续 90s）进行定量评估。TC 的尖端用白色管（W-TC）覆盖，以防止直接光吸收并最大程度减少温度高估。在空气中进行的温度测量表明，FBG 和 W-TC 之间的温度升高测量差异约为 3.5°C。离体猪肝试验证实，测量差异变小（小于 1°C）。使用球囊集成导管的离体猪食管组织表明，在激光辐照期间，FBG 和 W-TC 均显示出可比的温度测量趋势（约 2°C）。本研究表明，白色管覆盖的 TC 可以成为一种可行的传感器，用于在内镜激光照射期间以最小的高估来监测间质组织温度。进一步的胃食管反流病的体内研究将研究 W-TC 监测食管黏膜表面温度的性能，以实时模式保证内镜激光治疗的安全性。
