Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2023 Sep;32(9):992-1005. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0056. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
Positive affect and emotional resources, such as optimism, may play a major role in women's health and promote healthy well-being later in life. However, positive affect and optimism measures have not been psychometrically assessed in older women, despite relations to health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to psychometrically assess measures of positive affect and optimism and test their association with other measures of well-being. In a Women's Health Initiative subcohort of 58,810 women (mean age [standard deviation] 79.0 [6.1]; 89% White), positive affect and optimism were measured using the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Performance was assessed using item response theory. Factor analysis was used to explore the construct validity of the LOT-R. Convergent and divergent validity with other well-being measures was tested. Results suggest good reliability (mDES: Cronbach's alpha = 0.90 and omega total = 0.92; LOT-R: Cronbach's alpha = 0.79, omega hierarchical = 0.61, and omega total = 0.83). Item response analyses indicate mDES's ability to discriminate across positive affect; LOT-R was skewed toward lower optimism levels. Exploratory factor analyses suggest a two-factor solution for the LOT-R. Significant, but small correlations in expected directions to well-being measures confirmed validity hypotheses. The mDES and LOT-R measured positive affect and optimism with good reliability, item performance, and validity in a large sample of older postmenopausal women, supporting use of these measures to quantify effects of positive affect and optimism-promoting interventions.
积极情绪和情感资源，如乐观，可以在女性健康中发挥重要作用，并促进晚年的健康幸福。然而，尽管与健康有关，但在老年女性中，积极情绪和乐观的测量尚未进行心理测量评估。因此，本研究的目的是对积极情绪和乐观的测量进行心理测量评估，并测试它们与其他幸福感测量的关系。
在妇女健康倡议的一个子队列中，有 58810 名女性（平均年龄[标准差]79.0[6.1]；89%为白人），使用改良的差异情绪量表（mDES）和生活取向测试修订版（LOT-R）分别测量积极情绪和乐观。使用 Cronbach 的 alpha 和 McDonald 的 omega 测试可靠性。使用项目反应理论评估性能。使用因子分析探索 LOT-R 的结构有效性。测试了与其他幸福感测量的收敛和发散有效性。
结果表明，可靠性良好（mDES：Cronbach 的 alpha=0.90 和 omega 总=0.92；LOT-R：Cronbach 的 alpha=0.79，omega 层次=0.61，omega 总=0.83）。项目反应分析表明 mDES 能够区分积极情绪；LOT-R 倾向于较低的乐观水平。探索性因子分析表明 LOT-R 有两种因素解决方案。与幸福感测量的显著但小的预期方向相关，证实了有效性假设。
mDES 和 LOT-R 在一个大型绝经后妇女样本中具有良好的可靠性、项目表现和有效性，可用于测量积极情绪和乐观情绪的影响，支持使用这些测量来量化积极情绪和乐观情绪促进干预的效果。
